Surface deformation induced by water influx in the abandoned coal mines in Limburg,The Netherlands observed by satellite radar interferometry |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos CEP 12227-010, Brazil;2. Tele-Rilevamento Europa-T.R.E. Srl, 20143 Milano, Italy;3. São Paulo State University (FCT/UNESP), Presidente Prudente CEP 19060-900, Brazil;4. Federal University of Pará (IG/UFPA), Belém CEP 66075-110, Brazil;5. Vale S. A. (DIFN/GEDEN/GAGHN), Serra dos Carajás CEP 68516-000, Brazil;1. College of Surveying and Geo-informatics, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan province, PR China;2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China;3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States;4. School of Surveying and Landing Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, Henan Province, PR China;1. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;2. Earth Science and Resource Engineering, CSIRO, Pullenvale, Australia;3. GeoGeny Consultants Group Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The coal reserves of Limburg, The Netherlands, have been exploited until the mid-1970's, leading to significant land subsidence, a large part of which was due to ground water pumping associated with the mining activities. In 1994, when also the hydrologically-connected neighboring German mining activities ceased, all pumps were finally dismantled. This resulted in rising groundwater levels in the mining areas, continuing until today. Here we report the detection and analysis of heterogeneous surface displacements in the area using satellite radar interferometry. The lack of adequate terrestrial geodetic measurements emphasizes the value of such satellite observations, especially in terms of the temporal and spatial characterization of the signal. Since the lack of direct mine water level measurements hampers predictions on future consequences at the surface, we study the relationship between surface deformation and sub-surface water levels in an attempt to provide rough correlation estimates and map the mine water dynamics. |
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