用海洋地震方法研究岩石圈结构

文中介绍了两类海洋地震方法及其所取得的成果。单船多道地震方法首先用于海洋石油勘探，后来用于研究地壳结构。但是排列短，故只能研究上地壳结构。７０年代，美国哥伦比亚大学的科学家发明了双船地震方法，扩展了排列长度，可研究地壳—上地幔的速度深度结构。但是双船地震方法在海上资料采集、室内资料处理方面比较复杂，且成本高（用两条船）。到８０年代初，英国科学家设计了一种长排列、大容积气枪震源的单船地震方法，采集了整个岩石圈的地震反射剖面，用于研究横穿大陆边缘、沉积盆地及主要构造线的岩石圈之结构，取得了令人振奋的地质成果。

RESEARCH ON LITHOSPHERIC STRUCTURE BY USING MARINE SEISMIC METHOD

The single ship seismic reflection profile was used firstly for the petroleum exploration, then the scientists used this method to study the crustal structure. But was only used to study the upper crustal structure because the spread is too short. In the 70's, the scientists of Columbia University of US invented the two ship seismic method and expanded the spread, so it can get the velocity depth structure of the crust and the upper mantle. Owing to the complexities of the data collecting work on the sea and the date processing work indoor, and the cost is too high, therefore, the British scientists design a single ship seismic reflection method with long spread and big volume of airgun array in the initial time of the 80's. This method has then been used to collect the seismic reflection profiles of the whole lithosphere. It can be used for studying the lithospheric structure across the continental margins, sedimentary basins and tectonic lines, and since then a lot of geological results are acquired.