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An experimental study of sulfur and NOx fluxes over grassland
Authors:B B Hicks  M L Wesely  R L Coulter  R L Hart  J L Durham  R Speer  D H Stedman
Institution:(1) NOAA/ARATDD, P.O. Box E, 37831 Oak Ridge, TN, USA;(2) Atmospheric Physics Section, RERD, Argonne National Laboratory, 60349 Argonne, IL, USA;(3) Aerosol Research Branch, ESRL, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 27711 Research Triangle Park, NC, USA;(4) Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 48109 Ann Arbor, MI, USA;(5) University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
Abstract:Three independent sulfur sensors were used in a study of sulfur eddy fluxes to a field of wheat stubble and mixed grasses, conducted in Southern Ohio in September, 1979. Two of these sensors were modified commercial instruments; one operated with a prefilter to measure gaseous sulfur compounds and the other with a denuder system to provide submicron particulate sulfur data. The third sensor was a prototype system, used to measure total sulfur fluxes. The data obtained indicated that the deposition velocity for gaseous sulfur almost always exceeded that for particulate sulfur; average surface conductances were about 1.0 cm s–1 for gaseous sulfur in the daytime and about 0.4 cm s–1 for particulate sulfur. The data indicate that nighttime values were probably much lower. The total sulfur sensor provided support for these conclusions. The boundary-layer quantity ln(z 0 /z H )was found to be 2.75 ± 0.55, in close agreement with expectations and thus providing some assurance that the site was adequate for eddy flux studies. However, fluxes derived using a prototype NOx sensor were widely scattered, partially as a consequence of sensor noise but also possibly because of the effects of nearby sources of natural nitrogen compounds.Formerly with Argonne National Laboratory.
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