A lake sediment record of Pb mining from Ullswater,English Lake District,UK |
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Authors: | Richard P Grayson Andrew J Plater |
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Institution: | (1) School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;(2) Department of Geography, University of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool, L69 7ZT, UK |
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Abstract: | Lake sediments can be significantly impacted by industrial activities. These impacts vary among sites and include both local
point sources and atmospherically-derived pollution. Here we present results of a lake sediment pollution record from Ullswater,
UK, where lead mining activities have taken place within the catchment since 1690, although large-scale mining did not begin
until 1840. Metal concentration data from 12 cores taken along a lake bed transect illustrate that lead mining at Greenside
Mine had a significant impact on the lake sediments. High Pb concentrations were identified throughout Ullswater, and exhibited
a spatial gradient from south to north, with concentrations decreasing with greater distance from the main source of input
at Glenridding. Furthermore, inter-element correlations exhibit spatial variation that reflects the processes by which they
are incorporated into the lake sediment record. Together, these observations illustrate potential shortcomings in palaeoenvironmental
reconstructions and pollution studies based on single cores from large and morphologically variable lakes. Sedimentation rates
were estimated by matching this pollution record with the historical record of mining activities. Within Ullswater, sedimentation
rates from 1840 to the present varied from 0.67 to 2.33 mm year−1 with a mean of 1.4 mm year−1; highest sedimentation rates were observed in the deepest section of the lake and close to the main inputs, and lowest sedimentation
rates were observed in the northern part of the lake, furthest from the main input. Despite the considerable changes in mining
techniques and production, there is little evidence to suggest significant changes in sedimentation rates over time. |
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Keywords: | Lead Lake Sediment Chronology Pollution Mining |
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