粤港澳大湾区环境协同治理制约因素与推进路径

通过对粤港澳大湾区环境合作相关新闻报道的统计分析和对粤港澳三地环境规制政策文本的对比分析,梳理大湾区环境协同治理历程,研究其特点、问题与限制因素,寻求进一步协同治理的可能。研究发现,大湾区环境合作逐步深化,但以小范围的合作为主,区域性合作较少;以会议会谈和相关文件签署为主,实质性行动合作较少;且多关注水体和大气的保护和治理。粤港澳三地环境治理各成体系,治理模式和负责执行主体、规制对象、执法途径和力度、监管内容和标准、信息获取范围均有不同,是限制协同治理与环境合作的主要因素。为此,未来大湾区环境协同治理可以从多尺度推动环境治理的协同联动、多种形式提高合作的可操作性、多领域拓展环境协作内容等方面予以推进。

Restrictive factors and promoting approaches on collaborative ecological environment governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Through statistical analysis of reports from news media in Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao on ecological environment cooperation in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, as well as comparative text analysis of ecological environment regulation of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao, this paper reviewed the process of collaborative ecological environment governance in the Greater Bay Area, and discovered its characteristics, deficiencies and restrictive factors. Then it established a framework to explore the approaches of further collaborative governance in the study area. It is found that the collaborative ecological environment governance in the Greater Bay Area had been increasing during 2000-2019. The collaborative governance between Guangdong and Hong Kong, or among cites in the Pearl River Delta contributed a lot, but there was less regional collaborative governance covering Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao. Holding conferences and signing related documents were the major means of collaborative governance in the area, but there were few practical actions due to the lack of operability. Most of the collaborative governance focused on the protection and renovation of water and atmosphere environment, but the diversity of cooperation fields was insufficient. At the same time, the patterns of environmental governance of Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao are quite different. In the process of environmental governance, the three areas are not identical in terms of subject of liability and enforcement, object of regulation, approaches and intensity of governance, contents and standards of regulation, as well as scope of supervision, which have become constraints on collaborative ecological environment governance in the region. Based on the above findings, the paper suggested that the collaborative ecological environment governance in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should be promoted to more comprehensive scales, more effective forms and more diverse fields. Firstly, the collaborative ecological environment governance in the region should be stimulated from a more comprehensive scale, to promote the interconnection of the whole region. Moreover, it is necessary to combine multiple forms of governance to improve the operability of collaborative governance. Finally, besides water and atmosphere protection and renovation, the fields of collaborative ecological environment governance should be expanded to promote broder cooperation.