中国-丝路国家基础设施连通性评估方法与格局

基础设施互联互通是不同区域之间空间网络形成的支撑,对区际生产要素流动、市场融合和资源配置具有重要作用,也是“一带一路”建设的重点内容和前提条件。立足于综合基础设施网络,以“一带一路”沿线国家/地区为分析地域,设计数理模型,评价了中国与沿线国家的基础设施网络连通性,考察其基本特征与空间格局,然后分别从铁路、公路、航运、通讯、能源等各种基础设施方式的视角,分析了不同基础设施网络的互联互通水平,探讨了基础设施连通的类型分异及其主导因素,凝练基础设施连通的空间模式。主要结论如下：① 从海陆属性来看,岛屿型国家与中国设施连通性最高,其次为综合型国家,内陆型国家最低。对国际区域而言,俄蒙和东南亚地区与中国的设施连通性最高,中东欧地区连通性最低。从国家尺度来看,俄罗斯和越南是与中国设施连通水平最高的国家,巴勒斯坦、东帝汶等5个国家与中国尚未形成设施连通性。从连通方式的构成来看,航运网络的连通性最高,其次为航空和光缆。② 空间距离、连通方式和重大交通走廊共同主导了设施连通性的类型分异。③ “一带一路”沿线国家/地区与中国的设施连通形成了四种典型模式,包括海陆融合型外缘连通模式、陆路通道直接连通模式、陆心内生性低水平连通模式、远距离不均衡连通模式。

Evaluation method of infrastructure interconnection between China and other countries along the Belt and Road and its spatial pattern

The infrastructure is the basic bearing body of social and economic relation among the regions or countries and is the main part of interregional networks, which plays an important role in the interregional flow of product, market integration and resources allocation. Furthermore, the interconnection of infrastructure network is the important task and prerequisite of the Belt and Road. In this paper, based on the integrated infrastructure networks, we designed the model and evaluated the infrastructure interconnection between China and other countries along the Belt and Road, and analyzed the basic features and spatial pattern, and examined the interconnection level of different infrastructure networks, including railway, road, shipping, aviation, communication and energy infrastructure networks, discussed the type differentiation and its leading factors of infrastructure interconnection, and summarized the spatial mode of infrastructure interconnection. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) From the perspective of land-sea attribute, island countries' infrastructure connectivity with China is the highest, followed by comprehensive countries, and the inland countries' connectivity is the lowest. For the international regions, Russia-Mongolia region and Southeast Asia have the highest connectivity with China, while Central and Eastern Europe have the lowest. On national scale, the countries whose connectivity with China is the highest include Russia and Vietnam, while Palestine, East Timor and other five countries have not yet formed connectivity with China. From the composition of connection modes, the connectivity of shipping network is the highest, followed by aviation and optical cable. (2) Spatial distance, connection mode and major transportation corridors together dominate the formation of type differentiation of infrastructure connectivity. (3) Four typical spatial patterns of infrastructure connectivity between the countries along the Belt and Road and China have been formed, namely, land-sea integration external connectivity pattern, direct connectivity through land corridor pattern, endogenous low-level inland connectivity pattern and remote unbalanced connectivity pattern.