中关村科技园区智慧产业集群的演化过程、动力因素和集聚模式

论文以高科技园区如何促进智慧产业集聚为研究导向,总结智慧产业集群演化、集聚模式等的研究进展,先基于信息产业的已有分类标准,界定高科技园区智慧产业集群的概念和产业分类;然后基于中关村科技园智慧产业2002—2016年的统计数据,分析中关村科技园智慧产业的空间布局演化和产业增长格局,以波特经典钻石模型为理论框架,细化分析演化过程背后的动力因素,得出高科技园区智慧产业集群的细分动力因素模型,继而以主要动力因素为依据,提炼中关村科技园智慧产业集群演化的主要集聚模式,得出结论:① 中关村科技园区智慧产业集群的演化呈现“一核多园”的先政策引导、后自然溢出的协同发展格局,从海淀核心区向周边园区先辐射集聚,然后基于各园区间的交通、楼宇等生产要素,逐步在非园区范围连贯成片;② 海淀作为核心区集聚了各细分智慧产业,其他各分园则主要在个别细分智慧产业形成集聚优势;③ 中关村科技园区智慧产业的演化主要受生产要素、政府影响变数、相关及支持产业等3大因素影响;④ 中关村科技园区智慧产业集群有生产要素驱动、产业平台驱动、商业地产企业驱动等3种集聚模式。

Evolution process,dynamic factors,and agglomeration models of intelligent industrial clusters in the Zhongguancun Science Park

This study examined how high-tech parks promote the development of intelligent industrial clusters, and summarized the current research on the evolution and agglomeration of intelligent industrial clusters. First, the concept and classification of intelligent industrial clusters in high-tech parks are defined based on the existing classification standards of the information industry. Second, the intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park and the evolution of the spatial layout and industrial growth were analyzed based on the statistical data from 2002 to 2016. Using the Porter classic diamond model as a theoretical framework, dynamic factors of the evolution process were analyzed, resulting in a diamond model of the subdivision dynamic factors for the evolution of the intelligent industrial clusters in the high-tech park. Third, the main agglomeration models of the intelligent industrial clusters in the Zhongguancun Science Park were refined based on the main dynamic factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The evolution of intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park showed a coordinated development pattern of "one core and multiple parks" resulting from policy guidance and then natural overflow, radiating and aggregating from the core area of Haidian District to surrounding science parks, and gradually forming a coherent development into non-policy areas based on the production factors such as traffic and buildings between the science parks. 2) As the core area, Haidian District attracted various types of intelligent industries and, conversely, the other science parks have formed agglomeration advantage of specific types of intelligent industry. 3) The evolution of intelligent industry in the Zhongguancun Science Park was mainly affected by three factors—production factor, influence of government policy, and related and supporting industries. 4) There are three agglomeration models of intelligent industrial clusters of the Zhongguancun Science Park—production factor driven, industrial platform driven, and commercial real estate company driven.