南京市新街口CBD服务业空间集聚及演变特征——基于微观企业数据

经典的CBD内部产业空间布局理论源于西方,在新时期背景下需对其在中国的适用性进行实证检验。本文使用机器学习分类的2000—2018年微观企业数据,通过分析产业结构、集聚程度、空间分布特征等,探寻中国典型城市中心CBD——南京新街口地区的服务业时空演变及空间集聚特征。研究发现：① 南京市新街口服务业产业结构演变表现为生产性服务业数量持续领跑,流通性服务业增速趋缓,与消费性服务业、信息服务业差距拉大,总体未出现专业化趋势;在与全市对比中,消费性服务业有更强的比较优势,且优势随时间推移而扩大。② 行业集聚程度分化,各行业集聚程度演变表现为消费性服务业、社会性服务业与信息服务业总体集聚,其中餐饮、娱乐与居民服务业的集聚程度最高;零售业呈分散趋势,与前者形成倒挂;生产性服务业两极分化,金融业偏集聚,而研发设计服务业偏分散。③ 空间分布上演变整体呈现双圈层收缩趋势,生产性服务业与消费性服务业高度耦合,社会性服务业集聚中心趋于内核,流通性服务业与信息服务业集聚在外圈层。

Spatial agglomeration characteristics of service industry in Xinjiekou CBD of Nanjing City and change: Based on micro enterprise data

The classic theory of central business district (CBD) internal industry spatial distribution originated from the west, and its applicability in China needs to be tested empirically. Based on the micro enterprise data from 2000 to 2018 classified by machine learning, this study analyzed the industrial structure, agglomeration degree, spatial distribution characteristics, and so on in order to explore the spatial and temporal change and spatial agglomeration characteristics of service industry in Xinjiekou, a typical urban center CBD in China. The results show that: 1) The change of service industry structure in Xinjiekou shows that the number of productive services continues to lead, the growth rate of circulation services has slowed down, and the gap between consumer services and information services has widened. There is no trend of specialization in general; in comparison with the whole city, consumer services have stronger comparative advantages, and the advantages expanded over time. 2) The extent of agglomeration is divided. The change of the extent of industry agglomeration is reflected in the overall agglomeration of consumer service industry, social service industry, and information service industry, among which the highest extent of agglomeration is in catering, entertainment, and residential service industries. The retail industry is experiencing decentralization and shows an opposite trend compared with catering, entertainment, and residential services. The productive service industry has polarized. The financial service industry shows the trend of agglomeration and the research and development (R&D) and design service industry is experiencing decentralization. 3) The change of spatial distribution shows the trend of double zonal contraction as a whole. Productive service industry and consumer service industry are highly coupled. The cluster center of social service industry tends to move to the core, and circulation service industry and information service industry are gathering in the outer circle.