冰冻圈资源可持续利用探讨

冰冻圈资源是寒区旱区社会经济发展的重要物质基础,在气候变化背景下受到了深刻的影响。在人类需求日益增长、冰冻圈资源稀缺性不断加剧的情况下,如何妥善开发利用冰冻圈资源已成为保证区域可持续发展的核心问题之一。基于“资源—资产—资本”视角的冰冻圈资源可持续利用路径为这一问题提供了新的思路,探讨了以资源资产化、资产资本化为核心的冰冻圈资源运营管理过程,并基于这一视角进行了冰冻圈服务过程的讨论,分析了中国冰冻圈流量资产效用潜力空间格局与三种潜力之间的协调程度。结果表明,东北地区大部、新疆自治区西部与藏南地区为人口与经济效用高等级流域聚集区,华北、东北、新疆西部、藏南及青藏高原东缘等地区为高潜力协调度流域聚集区。这种基于“人口-经济-生态”三大系统的效用潜力识别,有利于冰冻圈资源“提质”与“增效”两个目标的达成,进而促进冰冻圈资源可持续利用的实现。

A study on sustainable use of cryospheric resources

The cryosphere provides important resources for the socio-economic development in the cold and arid regions, which have been deeply impacted by climate change. Considering an increasing in anthropogenic needs and scarcity of cryospheric resources, their proper use is one of the core issues to ensure sustainable development in the regions. This paper puts forward an approach based on the perspective of “resources-assets-capital (RAC)”, by which management of cryospheric resources is discussed along with its ownership and capitalization for socio-economic development as the core process of cryosphere services. For the purpose of providing the decision-makers with scientific evidence for spatial decision, the spatial patterns of potential utilities, on the aspects to provide benefits to population, economics and environment in China, have been analyzed. Synergies between the potentials are also presented. The results show that most of Northeast China, the west of Xinjiang and the south of Tibet are gathering areas of river basins with high-level population and economic potential, while North China, Northeast China, the west of Xinjiang, the east edge and south of Tibet are gathering areas of river basins with high synergies. Based on the identification of the utility potential of “population-economy-ecology”, it is helpful to implement “quality improvement” and “efficiency enhancement”, and whereby sustainable use of cryospheric resources could be developed.