环境DNA技术在长江口水生生物监测中的应用潜力

环境DNA(Environmental DNA, eDNA)技术是一种正在蓬勃发展的生物采样监测技术，可以根据需要同时监测特定对象或多种水生生物，因其便利快捷，对检测对象和生态环境友好等优点而在水生生物资源监测中具有广阔的应用潜力。长江口水域作为我国最大的河口，是诸多水生生物季节性洄游、觅食和栖息的重要场所，因此对该水域水生生物资源的动态变化进行准确监测是开展相应生态保护的必要基础。本文归纳分析了环境DNA技术的监测原理，以及在濒危珍稀物种、入侵物种、生物多样性、资源量和遗传多样性监测方面的应用现状及限制条件，并结合长江口水域监测工作的具体需求，展望了在该水域应用环境DNA技术进行水生生物资源监测的应用前景和研究方向，并提出相关建议。

Potential application of environmental DNA technology in monitoring aquatic organisms in the Yangtze Estuary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a technique of biological monitoring and it is deve loping rapidly. It can monitor specific objects or a variety of aquatic organisms simultaneously in need. Due to its convenience and efficient, it has a broad application potential for the monitoring of aquatic biological resources due to its advantages of friendliness to the detection objects and eco environment. As the largest estuary in China, the Yangtze Estuary is an important waters for seasonal migration, foraging and habitat of aquatic organisms. Therefore, accurate monitoring of the dynamic changes of aquatic biological resources is a necessary basis for corresponding ecological protection. This paper summarizes the environmental monitoring principle of eDNA technology and its application situations of the rare and endangered species, alien species, biodiversity including gene diversity and resources in monitoring in addition to the application limitations. Considering the specific needs of monitoring in the Yangtze Estuary, the application of eDNA technology in the monitoring and research of aquatic resources and so on are suggested and prospected.