Measurements of the cosmic X-ray background of the Universe and the MVN experiment

The paper is devoted to studying the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) of the Universe in the energy range 1–100 keV and to the prospects for its investigation by means of the projected MVN (Monitor Vsego Neba) experiment. The nature of the CXB and its use for studying the cosmological evolution of black holes are briefly discussed. The bulk of the paper is devoted to the methods of CXB measurements, from the first pioneering rocket and balloon-borne experiments to the measurements made with latest-generation orbital X-ray observatories. Particular attention is given to the problems of allowance for the contribution of background events to the measurements with X-ray and hard X-ray instruments.