基于区域优势理论的中国水资源利用现状分析

为了揭示不同区域水资源利用变化之间的空间关系,借鉴经济学中的区域优势理论,对中国水资源2001-2006年间水资源利用的区域优势及其演化机制进行了分析.研究结果表明:①山东、河南、四川、海南和河北五省农业用水优势处于前5位,并呈增加趋势,使得这些省份的农业用水优势得到加强;非农业用水优势明显增加的为北京、山东、山西、内蒙古、浙江,其增幅均在0.2以上,而非农业用水优势下降趋势最为明显的是天津和辽宁,其下降幅度均在0.4以上.②中国水资源利用的区域优势在其演化过程中主要存在经济、社会、自然等3种驱动因素,它们在全国范围内主导着水资源利用区域优势的演化,同时也主导水资源利用结构的演进.

Analysis of Present Situation of Water Resources Usage in China Based on the Theory of Regional Advantage

Water use changes in different regions have profound spatial connections. For the sake of revealing the spatial linkage among water use changes of various regions in China, the conception of water use advantage index is defined and a method to measure the index is established firstly referring to regional advantage theory in economics. Water use advantage of different regions in China and its evolution between 2001 and 2003 are analyzed based on the index and method. The results show that the provinces with remarkable advantage in agriculture water use are Shandong, Henan, Sichuan, Hainan and Hebei, whose advantages are also in the top five, and the advantages are strengthen. The provinces with remarkable increase in the advantage in non-agriculture water use are Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Mongolia and Zhejiang whose increasing extents exceed 0.2, Meanwhile, the advantages of non-agriculture water use decrease markedly are Tianjin and Liaoning with the extents being more than 0. 4. There are three elements which drive the water use evolvement. They are economic elements, policy and natural environment. These three elements not only dominate the evolution process of regional water use advantages, but also dominate the changes of water use structure in China.