Some studies on low-frequency signal in relation to X-ray flares and climatic conditions

The statistical behaviour of the sudden enhancement in signal strength (SES) in relation to solar X-ray flares has been studied for the near east-west propagation of 40 kHz radio waves from Sanwa (36°11’N; 139°51’E) in Japan to Calcutta (22°34’N; 88°24’E) over a long distance path of 5100 km for a period of two years. The period has been divided into four phases - P1, P2, P3 and P4, according to the position of the overhead sun. The change in signal strength during X-ray flares is dependent on the solar zenith angle and climatic conditions. The statistical modal values of the time lag of the SES peak with respect to that solar X-ray flare is found to increase as solar zenith angle increases. The relative rates of increase and decrease of the signal strength (RRISS and RRDSS respectively) have been evaluated for a number of SES which are related to large X-ray flares. Their characteristics have also been investigated. The modal values of the relaxation time have been found to be highly correlated with climatic conditions like temperature and humidity of the propagation path.