有害藻华的预测技术和防灾减灾对策研究进展

有害藻华给海洋生物、海水养殖业、海洋环境和公共健康安全造成了极大的威胁,已经成为世界性的海洋环境灾害之一.近几十年,我国近海有害藻华的发生频率和发生规模不断扩大,给国家经济发展和公共医疗卫生造成了极大的经济损失和不利影响.主要介绍了国内外常用的有害藻华预测技术,并参考国内外有效的有害藻华防治措施,为我国有害藻华的防灾减灾工作提出建议.我国亟需逐步建立有害藻华综合预警报业务体系和完备的应急减灾体系,才能进一步提升有害藻华等海洋环境灾害的应对能力.

Review on Prediction,Prevention and Mitigation of Harmful Algal Blooms

As one of the worldwide marine environmental disasters, Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) pose a serious threat to marine organisms, commercial fisheries, marine coastal environments, and public health. Over the past few decades, the coastal waters in China have experienced an increase in the number and type of HAB events. The whole country suffered from more and more serious economic losses and human illness and death in the last decade because of HAB outbreak. In this study, several kinds of prediction methods were introduced. According to many measures on HAB control, several proper suggestions were proposed to promote HAB disaster prevention and mitigation in China. In order to improve the ability to respond to marine environmental disasters, operational HAB early warning and forecasting system and advanced emergent disaster mitigation system should be gradually established in China as soon as possible.