深部开采隐伏构造扩展活化及突水试验研究

深部开采突水具有突发性、滞后性和强致灾性等特点，研究突水通道成因、演变规律和致灾机制成为控制深部开采底板突水的关键。大量的防治水实践和理论证实，构造突水通道一般发生在构造与岩层接触面处，为此建立隐伏构造条块体突水判据模型，应用剪切破坏理论方法得到突水理论判据；借助深部承压水上底板断层扩展活化及导水通道演化物理模拟试验，研制了固-流耦合相似材料，选取模拟断层破坏活化的材料并进行了模拟材料的可行性分析；试验直观地展现了含隐伏断层底板在采动应力扰动和高承压水共同作用下底板裂隙形成、隐伏断层扩展、突水通道贯通的全过程。通过对试验监测数据和现象的解读，揭示了应力场-渗流场耦合作用下承压水体上采煤底板滞后突水的机制，并对突水路径形成的时空规律进行了分析探讨，为研究深部开采构造突水提供了新的方法和认识。

Experimental research on extended activation and water inrush of concealed structure in deep mining

Deep mining water inrush has the characteristics of sudden, hysteretic nature and strong induced disaster, and studying the water inrush channel genesis, evolution and disaster causing mechanism become the key to the control of deep mine water inrush. A lot of water prevention practice and control theory confirm that the fault water inrush channel generally occurs in the structure and strata contact surfaces, based on which concealed structure block body water inrush criterion model is established, besides, the theoretical criterion of water inrush is obtained by using shear failure theory. By means of the deep confined water, the activation and the evolution of the water conduction channel in the bottom of the pressure water are simulated. A similar solid-fluid coupling material is developed, and the feasibility analysis of the material is selected to simulate the fault failure. Experiment shows the whole process of floor crack formation, concealed fault propagation, water inrush channel of concealed fault floor directly under the action of mining stress disturbance and high pressure water. Mechanism of lagging water inrush from coal floor in confined water body under stress field and seepage field coupling is revealed, and the formation of water inrush path of the spatial variation is analyzed and discussed through the interpretation of the monitoring data and the phenomenon, which provides new methods and knowledge for the study of deep mining water inrush structure.