Mud volcanism and fluid geochemistry in the Cheleken peninsula,western Turkmenistan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;2. Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland;1. Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA;2. Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Sciences, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan;3. Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;4. Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, PO Box 28, 647, Edgewater, MD 20676, USA;5. United States Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA;6. School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;7. Istituto di Oceanografia e Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), Via A. Piccard 54, 34151 Trieste, Italy;8. Laboratoire d''Océanologie, Université de Liège, B6c, B 4000 Liège, Belgium & STARESO, F 20260 Calvi, France;9. Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA;10. Environmental Physics, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CHN E 23.1, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;11. Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;12. Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, PR China;13. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA;14. National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India;15. Laboratoire des Sciences de l''Environnement Marin, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France;p. Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l''Environnement, Gif sur Yvette, France;q. Department of Marine Science, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India;r. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;s. Dept. of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Bioscience, Fishery and Economy, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway;t. University of Rhode Island, 215 S Ferry Rd., Narragansett, RI 02882, USA |
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| Abstract: | A geological and geochemical study has been carried out to investigate the relationships between major mud volcano structures and deep fluid migration in the Cheleken peninsula, in the South Caspian Basin. The fluid geochemistry allowed the origin and migration of the saline waters and the hydrocarbons to be deduced along with the regional source and reservoir rocks. The emitted waters formed by the mixing of deep highly saline water from the main source rocks of the Maykop Fm with the Caspian-like pore water contained in the Pliocene reservoirs. The water composition is very similar to that emitted by the mud volcanoes in Azerbaijan, allowing comparisons to be done between the reservoirs in the western and eastern sides of the South Caspian Basin. The associated oil is derived from a mixed type II/III kerogen deposited in a sub-oxic marine environment and generated during the early oil window. The oil biomarkers indicate that the source rock is the Maykop Fm., as previously determined for the other areas of the South Caspian Basin.The spontaneous emissions, showing different morphologies, are mainly aligned along normal and transtensive fault systems, which provide effective pathways for rapid fluid ascent from deep reservoirs to the surface. |
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| Keywords: | Mud volcanoes Fluid geochemistry Fluid sources Migration pathway Western Turkmenistan |
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