区位进入理论与企业集团的国际化扩张——以海尔集团为例

中国企业集团是改革开放以后出现的大型企业组织 ,在经济全球化的背景下 ,研究其国际化扩张具有重大现实意义。本文在详细介绍Hayter的国际企业区位进入理论的基础上 ,以海尔集团为例 ,分析了企业集团的国际化扩张过程 ;其次 ,分析了海尔集团所具有的进入优势以及所面临的空间进入壁垒。海尔集团所具有的进入优势有管理与文化优势、技术创新优势、产品质量优势、营销优势 ,但还面临着心理距离、企业规模小以及东道国政策的限制等空间壁垒。最后 ,提出了有关企业集团国际化扩张的一些对策。

The locational entry theory and the international expansion of enterprise groups:a case study of Haier Group

Chinese enterprise groups are large corporation organizations generated from the reform and opening to the outside world. Under the background of the economic globalization, the study on their international expansion is of great practical significance. This article mainly focuses on the international expansion of Chinese manufacturing enterprise groups. The article is in five parts. The first part, as a brief introduction, expounds the situation of globalization and the roles of MNCs. The second part offers a detailed introduction to Professor Hayter's model, i.e. the theory of locational entry of multinational corporations. Selecting Haier Group as a case, the third part analyses the multinational expansion process of enterprise groups. It concludes that the multinational expansion process requires full domestic development and a sound local basis. In the fourth part, analysis is made on both the entry advantages and the spatial barriers of Haier Group. Among the entry advantages of Haier Group are the managerial and cultural advantages, technological innovation advantages, product quality advantages and marketing advantages. But it is also facing up with some spatial barriers such as psychological distance, small size and policy restrictions of host countries, etc. In part five, the article concludes that the multinational expansion process should go through the stage of domestic development and form a sound local basis. Furthermore, it is important to pay attention to the orientational role of market area and thrive to balance between integration and localization to develop diversified competitive advantages.