南极长城站越冬队员个性和心理特点研究

本文利用个性调查、心理特点测定和行为观察等方法研究了中国南极考察队长城站越冬队员在南极极端环境和长期隔离状态下的心理适应性反应。结果表明：越冬后期，队员出现较多情绪波动、注意力不集中，个别队员较严重。卡特尔１６种人格因素的平均标准分居中者为多数，甚至略有增加；艾森克人格问卷中的４个分量表得分无明显变化。越冬队员居留南极１年后，外控成分有所增加，内控者减少。对心理特点的测试表明：辨别反应时和选择反应时无显著差异，简单反应时有明显延长；记忆力非但没有减退，反而有所提高，高级神经活动灵活性稍有降低。

A STUDY ON THE PERSONALITY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER OVER MEMBERS IN THE ANTARCTIC GREAT WALL STATION

This paper reported a study on the psychological adjustments and changes of the winter over members of the Antarctic Great Wall Station in the extreme environment and long term isolation.The data was obtained through some personality questionnaires,psychological characteristics assessments and behavior observations. The results showed that during the later phase of the winter over,all the members experienced more mood disturbance and attention difficulties,though a few were more serious than the others.The average scores of Cattell's 16 Personality Facters Questionnaires fall around the mean for most of the members,and even higher for some of them compared to their scores obtained in the beginning of the winter over.There was no obvious change in their scores for the sub scores of Eysenck Personality Questionnaires.After one year' stay in Antarctica,all the members exhibited more extrocontrol and less introcontrol. The results of the psychological characteristics assessment showed that while the members' Distinguish Reaction Time and Choice Reaction Time remained the same,their Simple Reaction Time was obviously longer. Their memory abilities improved rather than degenerated. The flexibility of their higher nervous activities was a little bit lower. These results have important theoretical and empirical significance in improving the physical and mental health of a group in extreme environment of Antarctica,as well as in effectively selecting group members working in Antarctica.