中国制造业地理集中与省区专业化

20世纪80年代以来,中国制造业空间格局在市场化和全球化力量的共同影响下发生了显著变化。利用1980-2003年中国各省区两位数制造业数据,发现中国制造业在空间上越来越集中,而各省的产业结构则越来越多元化。具体而言,大多数产业在20世纪80年代趋于分散而在90年代更趋集中,而大多数省份产业结构总体上趋于多元化的同时,在90年代后期显露专业化的迹象。统计结果表明,经济全球化、比较优势和规模经济等是导致产业空间集中的原因,经济地理模型中强调的外部经济并没有促进产业地理集中,激烈的产业内市场竞争推动了产业空间分散。

Geographical Concentration and Provincial Specialization of Chinese Manufacturing Industries

Economic transition introduced market forces and globalizing forces into the Chinese economic system, resulting in dramatic spatial transformation of manufacturing industries. Using a panel dataset of two-digit manufacturing industries by province during the period 1980-2003, this study found that Chinese manufacturing industries have been increasingly concentrated and Chinese provinces have become more diversified in their industrial structure. However, most industries experienced a spatially dispersing process in the 1980s and a polarizing process from the 1990s. While becoming more pluralistic, meanwhile most provinces diversified their industrial structure and turned more specialized in the late 1990s. Statistical results imply that comparative advantages, scale economies and globalization forces are the most important locational determinants of Chinese manufacturing industries. Utilization of foreign investments and exporting have indeed reinforced the importance of comparative advantages in locating Chinese industries. External economies stressed in economic geography models have not fostered industrial agglomerations at the provincial level.