广义生态水利的内涵及其过程与维度

总结中国工程水利、环境水利、资源水利、生态水利发展沿革，分析国内外生态水利研究进展、发展趋势及其特点，指出生态水利是人类社会发展到生态文明时代水资源利用的一种新途径和方式，以尊重和维护生态环境为主旨，开发水利、发展经济，为人类社会可持续发展服务。阐述了广义生态水利的内涵、定义和发展模式及其过程和维度，并提出以下结论和观点：①生态水利将水资源和水循环调控作为重要生态要素，从流域生态系统能量交换、生物链接、结构平衡、循环转化全视角开展研究，探索既能满足人类社会需求，又能兼顾水生态系统健康和良性发展的生态水利措施和方法。②建立了水利工程"规划设计—建设管理—运行调度"全过程、全生命周期的工程安全和生态安全保障体系，特别是将生态调度纳入水利工程全"服役期"，其中"后坝工时代"实施全流域大尺度生态调度，是生态保护和恢复最有效的措施。③从"生态环境-社会经济-水循环调控"三个维度，在生态文明视野下的国土空间规划治理体系中，科学把控生态水利的空间定位，促进"三生空间"优化布局，保障"三生用水"合理配置，优化"三生关系"耦合协调，实现生态保护和高质量发展，推动生态水利事业创新发展。

Connotation,process and dimensionality of generalized ecological water conservancy

This paper summarizes the evolution of engineering water conservancy,environment water conservancy,resources water conservancy and ecological water conservancy in our country. Moreover,the research progress,developing tendency and characteristics of ecological water conservancy worldwide is explored. Corresponding results demonstrate that ecological water conservancy is a way of water resources utilization in the time of ecological civilization,which serves the sustainable development of human society through implementing water conservancy and developing economy with the gist of respecting and protecting ecological environment. Present paper elucidates the connotation,definition and development mode of generalized ecological water conservancy,and proposes following conclusions and academic viewpoints:① Generalized ecological water conservancy explores specific measures and ways in ecological water conservancy to meet the demands of human society and healthy water ecosystem through selecting water resources and water cycle operation as primary ecological elements from the multiple perspectives of energy exchange,biological links,structural balance and cycle and transformation in watershed ecosystem. ② This paper presents engineering and ecological security system for the full-process and lifecycle (i.e. planning and design,construction management and ecological regulation) of water conservancy project. In particular,ecological regulation is incorporated into the full-service period of water conservancy project. Furthermore,we highlight that basin-scale ecological regulation is the most effective measure to protect and restore ecosystem in the "post-dam era". ③ We suggest dominating the spatial dimension of ecological water conservancy,promoting optimal design of ecological-production-living spaces,ensuring the reasonable allocation of ecological-production-living water use,and optimizing the relationship among general life,production and ecology from the perspective of ecological environment,social economy and water cycle regulation in the system of planning and governance of territorial space to realize ecology protection and high-quality development of society and further promoting the innovative development of ecological water conservancy.