南海周边国家和地区集装箱港口网络体系与结构

选取南海周边国家和地区37个集装箱港口为研究对象，选用全球前八名船公司航线数据，就其现有航线分布构建二向网络，采用度数中心度、接近中心度、介数中心度及权利指数等复杂网络中心性指标和网络结构模型对其港口体系特征和网络结构进行研究，得出的结论主要有：1）近年来，南海沿线国家和地区间贸易愈加频繁，相关港口吞吐量不断增加，在世界集装箱港口体系内地位总体呈上升态势；各港吞吐量排名总体相对稳定，南海周边7国集装箱港口运力分布不均衡，主要集中在中国与新加坡沿线。2）深圳港、新加坡港、香港港、高雄港、青岛港与上海港等港航线较多，可与较多区域直接进行贸易往来，受其他港口联系影响较小；上海港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港等在国际集装箱航线中起重要的串联中介作用，对航运网络控制能力较强。3）基于港口吞吐规模与中心程度分异情况将港口网络地位分为4层。第一层为国际航线母港，包括上海港、新加坡港、深圳港、宁波舟山港、广州港、青岛港与香港港；第二层为国际航线枢纽港，包括高雄港、丹戎帕拉帕斯港、厦门港、天津港、林查班港、巴生港与胡志明港，中心性发育程度较好；第三层为国际航线挂靠港，包括海防港、钦州港、大连港、丹绒布鲁港、马尼拉港、丹戎佩拉港、连云港、盖梅港、烟台港、营口港、日照港与福州港，港口相对中心度偏低，吞吐量相对受限；第四层为区域性喂给港，包括锦州港、太仓港、台中港、东莞港、唐山港、南京港、泉州港、南通港、珠海港、嘉兴港与海口港，因其地理区位特点成为较热门转运港口。4）整体港口网络可划分为4个港口社群。其中，社群一中心属性明显，社群二与其联通关系紧密，社群三是其喂给港群，社群四小世界属性明显，群内港口航线相对独立。

Centrality and Network Structure of the Container Port System around the South China Sea

The shift of the global shipping network center to East Asia is a trend that has been widely recognized. As the main carrier of logistics and trade transportation in the RCEP and the surrounding areas of the South China Sea, research on the container port system and network structure in the surrounding areas is of great significance for understanding the characteristics and optimization of maritime trade channels in the surrounding countries and regions of the South China Sea. Based on route data from the world's top eight shipping companies, we selected 37 container ports around the South China Sea as the research objects of this study. First, we constructed a two-way network on their existing route distribution and studied their port system characteristics and network structure using complex network centrality indicators and network structure models, such as degree centrality, proximity centrality, intermediate centrality, and right index. The conclusions are as follows: (1) In recent years, the status of container ports in countries and regions along the South China Sea within the world container port system has generally been on the rise. The overall ranking of port throughput is relatively stable. The capacity of container ports in seven countries around the South China Sea is unevenly distributed, mainly in China and Singapore. (2) In terms of network centrality analysis, port routes, such as Shenzhen, Singapore, Hong Kong, Kaohsiung, Qingdao, and Shanghai, are abundant, and there are many regions that can conduct trade directly, which are less affected by other port connections. Shanghai, Shenzhen, Ningbo, Zhoushan, Guangzhou, and other ports play an important role as tandem intermediaries in international container routes and have a strong ability to control the shipping network. (3) In terms of network level, the port network status is divided into four levels according to the differentiation of port throughput scale and center degree. The first-tier ports are the home ports of international routes, including Shanghai, Singapore, Shenzhen, Ningbo Zhoushan, Guangzhou, Qingdao, and Hong Kong. Ports on the second layer are the hub ports of international routes, including Kaohsiung, Tanjung Pelepas, Xiamen, Tianjin, Laem Chabang, Klang, and Ho Chi Minh. This layer contains mostly the hub ports of international routes, with a good degree of central development. Ports on the third layer are the international route connecting ports, including Haiphong, Qinzhou, Dalian, Tanjung Priok, Manila, Tanjung Perak, Lianyungang, Cai Mep, Yantai, Yingkou, Rizhao, and Fuzhou. The relative centrality of ports on this layer is low, and the throughput is relatively limited. Layer four ports are regional feeder ports, including Jinzhou, Taicang, Taichung, Dongguan, Tangshan, Nanjing, Quanzhou, Nantong, Zhuhai, Jiaxing, and Haikou, which have become popular transshipment ports owing to their geographical characteristics. (4) In terms of network structure, the overall network can be divided into four port communities. Among them, community one has a clear central attribute, to which community two is closely connected, and community three is fed to the port group. Community four has clear small world attributes, and the port routes within this group are relatively independent.