流动中的地方记忆：南海渔民的流动性与集体记忆建构

渔民是天然流栖性群体，不仅需要关注其流动性时空规律，更要关注其流动过程中所产生的社会文化意涵。文章从流动性与集体记忆视角出发，选取海南省东部典型渔村为案例地，通过访谈深入理解渔民在流动中的地方记忆建构，主要从流动、停泊、定居的3种不同状态归纳渔民流动中的时空盈缩、物质条件和流动路径节点，从时间、地方和权力三要素探讨渔民集体记忆的形成。研究发现：1）渔民跨界流动具有动态盈缩的特点，经历了从民间自觉到官方规范，从渔业生产到商渔复合，从局地到广域再到局地的动态过程。2）渔民的流动状态和过程赋予海洋以地方特性。人船组合拓展渔民自主流动的能力，“陆—海—岛”流栖空间中的地物和景观凸显集体记忆的物质依赖性。3）随着生产生活方式变迁，代际更迭削弱了原有的人海关联，流动资源的分配不均导致集体记忆结构性消退，渔业村镇的全球—地方的跨区域色彩逐渐被剥离，回归到同质化的域内流空间。

Place Memory on the Movement: Mobility and Collective Memory Construction of Fishermen in the South China Sea

For a long time, the field of marine geography has been located at the edge of the discipline, strengthening the terrestrial bias of human geography. Fishermen, one of the few action actors in the ocean, have natural mobility characteristics. Existing research on fishermen pays more attention to the temporal and spatial regulations and distribution of their mobility than the social and cultural connotations generated in the process of their flow. From the perspective of mobility and collective memory, a typical fishing village in the east of Hainan Province was selected as a case study, and through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and text analysis, the construction of the local memory of fishermen in the process of mobility was comprehensively understood. In this study, the following points were found: First, according to research on the new paradigm of mobility, the world interact with each other through the flow of nodes and the space of flows, with emphasis on liquidity from the state of "flow, berthing, settled" in three different space-time conceptions to describe the world, thus inferring the Hainan fishermen's marine mobility, at least in the scope of time and space, material basis, and the paths of nodes. Second, collective memory is an important way for fishermen to interact with each other and construct emotions in the flow process. The core of this is fishing and hunting culture and the cross-border network. Three points should be made clear when discussing the collective memory of fishermen from the perspective of mobility: First, collective memory is essentially based on the "present" and a construction of the "past", and a change of subject will greatly affect the continuity and inheritance of memory. Second, memory is formed by personal emotions and objective environments. For fishermen, collective memory unfolds in a specific place, shifting with different spatial scales through a landscape of physical and symbolic memories. Third, geographical and social mobility complement each other, exacerbating the differences of fishermen and leading to the fragmentation or failing of collective memory. This paper makes two contributions to this concept: (1) Taking the phenomenon of the flow of fishermen as an example, the ocean is examined from the perspective of the ocean, emphasizing the importance of the connection between the ocean and land. It also goes beyond the land's perspective of the sea, indicating that the ocean is an equally important substrate for the integration of socio-cultural, political, and economic transformation processes and should not be regarded as a negative space of land. Instead, it is the center of the process of knowledge production, concrete experience, and understanding the transcendence of the present. (2) It responds to the attention of the new mobility paradigm to special space and compensates for the missing dimension of interaction between the marine environment and human activity.