渔民南海生产空间“家”的营建与情感体验——以潭门渔民为例

流动背景下，传统固定的家不断受到挑战，家的定义和内涵也因流动而更加丰富。现有研究多从陆地视角关注流动对家的多维影响，较少探讨海洋语境下流动与家的潜在联系。此外，随着科技的进步，生产空间“家”的营建也成为可能。文章借鉴家的地理学相关理论，基于深入访谈、参与式观察和文本分析等方法，探讨海南潭门渔民在南海耕海实践中生产空间家的营建和情感体验。研究发现，潭门渔民在流动渔船中利用类“家”的功能进行日常生活实践，从而模糊渔船生产空间与家的边界，产生“在家”的体验；在长期的耕海过程中，渔民之间通过彼此之间的关心、照顾、互助等行为增进感情，从而产生家的团结、温暖等情感体验；渔船在长期的海上流动过程中，渔民逐渐对南海的岛礁、物产、边界等自然、人文环境产生熟悉感、安全感和归属感等情感体验，实现了对南海“祖宗海”的家园想象。

The Construction and Emotional Experience of "Home" in Fishermen's Workspace in the South China Sea: A Case Sudy of the Hainan Tanmen Fishermen

In the context of globalization and mobility, mobility and home have become an important topic in the study of the new cultural geography. Previous studies on mobility and home have paid more attention to the impact of land-based mobility on the home, and less to mobility in the marine context and its connection with the home. From the perspective of mobility in the marine context, based on the home geography and the connotation of the home culture, this paper discusses the production space of fishermen during the long-term working the sea in three parts: the function, the emotion, and the imagination of the home. First, in the construction of the home, fishermen in Hainan fully realized the function of the home through the spatial design and material landscape of the fishing boat, satisfying their multi-sensory experience of a home. In terms of the space design of the fishing boat, its interior is equipped with living spaces and equipment such as lounges, kitchens, leisure rooms, refrigerators, TVs, and air conditioners. During the production time, these spaces and equipment can also be used to make up for their separation from the flow of the home, and through these advanced facilities, the "home function" of the fishing boat can be fully realized. Second, fishermen who live at sea far away from their families need not only the function of a home but also emotional support. Therefore, the deep collective feelings experienced by fishermen throughout their long-term life on fishing boats, the teaching of sailing skills from the old to the new fishermen, and their concern about their daily lives have reduced the feeling of distress and loneliness among the fishermen who have been away from home for a long time, giving them the emotional experience of a home. Finally, in terms of mobility, the fixed position and boundaries of the home have been gradually blurred, and the home has gradually been endowed with a broader scope and rich connotations and can be constructed through the imagination of individuals or groups. The experiences of fishermen in the production space in the South China Sea are not limited to the interior of the fishing boat. During their movement across the sea, they acquire a sense of familiarity based on their knowledge of a specific area of the South China Sea and generate an image of the surrounding environment. During their long-term life at sea, fishermen also experience a sense of familiarity and belonging to the natural environment at sea. Through familiarity with features such as place names, orientations, and shapes of the islands and reefs, as well as a keen awareness of the boundaries of the sea area, the South China Sea is gradually considered the homeland image of the "ancestral sea."