恐惧景观及其在旅游地理学中的应用综述

恐惧景观作为一种具有特殊意义的景观,存在于自然界和人类社会。恐惧景观在生物系统中有巨大的生态效应,同样在人-地系统中深刻影响物质景观和集体记忆等各个方面。景观知觉、景观态度以及景观与人类的互动影响是当代地理学研究的重要主题,但对恐惧景观的研究仍然较为薄弱。文章对恐惧景观的概念和研究内容进行系统梳理,并探讨其在旅游地理学中的应用。主要结论包括：1）恐惧景观在生态学研究中已经形成恐惧生态学,相比而言,其他学科领域尚处于探索阶段。2）生态学对恐惧景观的定义和研究内容是动物的捕食风险感知,在其他相关研究学科上则主要从人与地方/空间之间的恐惧景观的呈现形式和景观感知进行研究。3）从恐惧景观、游客及情感三者的关联看,可以发现恐惧景观在旅游地理学的应用主要集中于情感地理、黑色旅游和情感特性3个方面。最后,提出未来可以跨学科多角度、情感心理及以黑色旅游为切入点对恐惧景观进行探索,深化旅游地理学领域的研究内容。

Review of the Landscape of Fear and Its Application in Tourism Geography

As a landscape with special significance, the landscape of fear exists in nature and human society. It has a huge ecological effect in biological system, and also has a profound impact on all aspects of material landscape and collective memory in man-land system. Landscape perception, landscape attitude and the interaction between landscape and human are important topics in contemporary geography research, but the research on the landscape of fear is still weak. Based on this, the study systematically sorts out the concept and research content of the landscape of fear, and discusses its application in tourism geography. The main conclusions of the study include: Firstly, the landscape of fear has formed fear ecology in the research from the perspective of ecology, and it is still in the exploratory stage in other disciplines. Although Tuan Yifu first put forward and studied the landscape of fear thoroughly from the perspective of human geography, the research on humanity society, geography and other related aspects is scattered. On the contrary, it is currently applied to ecological research and has rich research results. This shows that in addition to the maturity of its research in ecology, the landscape of fear in other disciplines remains to be explored. Secondly, under different disciplinary perspectives, the definition and research content of the landscape of fear are different, but in essence, its formation cannot be separated from the influence of subjective fear and external environment. On the one hand, the definition and research content of the landscape of fear in ecology are relatively consistent, which are animal predation risk perception. On the other hand, in other research disciplines, the concept and research content are mainly studied from the presentation form and perception of the landscape of fear between people and place/space. There are some differences in the research of the landscape of fear from different perspectives, but the fear perception of it must have an objective object that causes its fear. The landscape of fear is formed by the combination of subjective psychology and objective external. Thirdly, from the relationship among the landscape of fear, tourists and emotion, this paper finds that the application of the landscape of fear in tourism geography mainly focuses on emotional geography, dark tourism and emotional characteristics. There is no clear definition and research on the landscape of fear in tourism geography, but it can reflect the significance of the landscape of fear from the research contents such as emotional experience, dark tourism and memory of the place. Finally, the future prospects of the landscape of fear can be studied in tourism geography are as follows: 1) Based on its particularity, the landscape of fear in tourism geography will be discussed more deeply from different perspectives. 2) The psychological changes and emotional experience of tourists facing the landscape of fear can be studied. The emotional connection between man and land is one of the focuses of tourism geography research, and the landscape of fear integrates the complex emotions between people and landscape. And the emotional expression of the landscape of fear and the psychological impact of the landscape of fear on tourists can be studied. 3) Take dark tourism as the starting point to explore the landscape of fear. Dark tourism inevitably involves the research of tourism geography, and there is a certain connection between dark tourism and the landscape of fear. From the perspective of dark tourism, we can deeply explore the association with the landscape of fear, so as to better integrate the research of the landscape of fear and emotional geography. Although there is still a lack of research on the landscape of fear in humanity society, it has great research space. This paper combs and analyzes the landscape of fear and explores its application in the research of tourism geography, in order to enhance more attention and deepen its research in the field of tourism geography.