沉积盆地成岩作用系统及其时空属性

含油气盆地的勘探开发对认识沉积成岩作用和储层发育规律提出了很高的要求。然而，迄今为止沉积学家和石油工程师还很难如认识沉积过程及其结构那样认识盆地尺度或宏观尺度上成岩作用的时空分带。为此，本文探讨了成岩作用类型的时空属性和主控因素等理论问题，提出了成岩系统分级（类）的有关准则，试图以此探索成岩作用时空分布与演变研究的新思路。结合中国东、西部有关中-新生代沉积盆地实例分析，阐述了盆地域（尺度）、层序域、亚层序域、层内域等成岩作用系统的客观存在，并对盆地域、层序域成岩作用系统动力学研究的思路和方法作了进一步阐释。在盆地尺度上成岩作用的时空分布主要与盆地大地构造位置及其控制的温压场、物源、剥蚀-搬运气候背景、埋藏历史、水文体制叠置方式密切关联：层序域成岩作用系统的时空分异则主要取决于埋藏深度、层序结构与宏观物理-化学障、沉积体系（配置）、水文体制。研究认为，成岩系统的层次分析是认识不同类型沉积盆地成岩结构的重要基础，而对于确定的盆地类型而言，盆地尺度水文体制与流体-岩石相互作用研究是解析成岩作用时空属性的关键。成岩系统研究目前还面临许多关键问题亟待解决，如成岩系统及其边界奈件的划分；成岩作用系统关键要素及其制约机制的厘定；盆地尺度上精细构造演化和温压历史恢复；盆地流体属性和活动期次的准确鉴别；盆地尺度上成岩作用数值模拟和动力学过程研究。

Diagenesis systems and their spatio-temporal attributes in sedimentary basins

It is very important tor sedimentologists and petroleum engineers to understand sedimentary diagenesis of reservoirs in detail.However,so far we still can not know distribution and processes of diagenesis like that of sedimentation in basin-scale or macroscopic scale.Therefore,based on academic discussion on spatio-temporal attributes and master controls of diagenesis, a diagenesis system division framework is presented in the paper.Combined with ease studies of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary basins in world as well as China,the authors state external attributes of diagenesis systems including basin scale,sequenee scale, sub-sequence scale and intrastratal scale and further explain their dynamic research thought and methods for both basin and sequence tracts.For basin scale,diagenesis distribution is dominantly controlled by tectonic unit,temperature-pressure field,provenance, climate controlling sedimentation,buried process and hydrographic regimes and their superposed style.For sequence scale,dominant controls on diagenesis distribution include buried process,sequenee structure,macroscopic physical-chemical barrier,depositional system distribution and hydrographic reghne.It is presented that hierarchical analysis of diagenesis systems is an important basis for understanding distinctive diagenetie texture among different basin types and,for definite sedimentary basins,spatio-temporal distribution of diagenesis can be well understood through basiowide hydrologic consideration and related fluid-rock interactions researches.Finally several key current tasks related to diagenesis systems are indicated and discussed:division of diagenesis systems and their boundary conditious;key mechanism in diagenesis system evolution,detailed structural evolution and temperature-pressure histories in basin-scale,exactly differentiating basin geofluid flow,numerical simulation and dynamic process of diagenesis in basin- scale.