深空探测科学仪器研究进展

深空探测是对宇宙中地球以外的行星、卫星、小行星和彗星等星体或空间环境的探测活动.合理选择深空探测科学仪器，了解被测星体的物理及化学性质、地表地貌、动态特性以及有机物和水的存在，对人类了解地外水和生命信息、认识太阳系的起源和演化有着重要意义，是深空探测的重要任务.本文总结了深空探测的科学目标，介绍了近50年来典型深空探测任务中探测器所搭载的科学仪器及其特点，包括质谱仪、光谱仪、探地雷达和磁力计等，整理了其性能参数及面向的探测功能任务，最后讨论了深空探测科学仪器目前呈现出的小型化、低功耗、更强的环境适应能力和多仪器联合使用的发展趋势.

Development of scientific instruments for deep space exploration

Deep space exploration aims at the exploration of planets,moons,asteroids,comets and space environment in the universe other than the Earth.It is an important task to properly select scientific instruments for deep space exploration,which enable human to figure out the physical and chemical environment,topography,dynamic characteristics and the existence of organic matter and water.It is of great significance for mankind to explore the existence of extraterrestrial water and life,as well as the origin and evolution of the solar system.This paper summarizes the scientific objectives of the deep space exploration,then introduces the scientific instruments and their characteristics for typical deep space exploration missions in recent 50 years,including mass spectrometer,spectrometer,ground penetrating radar and magnetometer,and sorts out their performance parameters,the exploration oriented missions and tasks of the instruments.Finally,this paper discusses the development trend of scientific instruments for deep space exploration,such as miniaturization,low power consumption,stronger environmental adaptability and the combination of multiple instruments.