山东省砂质海岸侵蚀与保护对策

20世纪50年代以来,山东省砂质海岸遭受愈来愈强烈的侵蚀,平均侵蚀速率为1~2 m/a,局部和短期可达4.7~6.0 m/a。通过分析认为,侵蚀的原因主要包括入海陆源泥沙严重减少、人为大量采取海滩沙及不合理的海岸工程的影响。多年来,山东省为抑制海岸侵蚀采取了多种对策,包括大量修建顺岸坝、丁坝等海岸工程遏止砂质海岸后退;抛沙养滩,对个别海滩重塑;严禁滩面和近滨采砂。综合评价以上3种方案的效果,并对海岸保护提出合理的建议。

COUNTERMEASURES AGAINST COASTAL EROSION FOR PROTECTION OF THE SANDY COAST IN SHANDONG PROVINCE

Since 1950s, the sandy coast of Shandong Province has suffered from severe increase in erosion. The mean erosion rate is 1~2 m/a, and may reach 4.7~6.0 m/a in a short term locally. Our research indicate that the severe decrease in terrestrial sediment input, intensified beach sand mining and irrational coastal engineering programs were the main reasons of erosion. For years, various countermeasures have been adopted in order to save the coast from erosion:1. Building coastal constructions like area wall and groin to stop coastal recession; 2. Beach nourishment and sand replacement for single beach restoration; 3. Inhibiting beach face and nearshore sand mining. This paper comprehensively evaluated the effect of the three countermeasures and put forward some reasonable suggestions on future costal protection.