发达国家地质大数据管理现状分析与启示：以美、英、澳、加为例

科学数据是国家重要战略资源，数据共享是这种资源有效开发利用的手段之一，也是当今科学研究范式向数据密集型转变的重要基础。现代信息技术与勘查方法的深度融合，使得地质勘查和地学研究领域被急速推向大数据时代，亟需从宏观层面上进行科学管理。欧美一些国家通过颁布政策方针及铺设数据基础设施等方式，推动着本国地质大数据管理的有效实施。文章对美、英、澳、加四国地质调查局的数据管理工作方面做了调查，从数据管理范围、数据政策、战略计划、重要数据库及主要数据工具等方面现状进行了介绍与分析，并对中国地质调查行业数据管理工作提出了一些建议：（1）数据管理政策应采用自顶向下设计，自底向上实施；（2）数据开放共享、融合交流是世界地调机构的发展趋势；（3）大力推进地质云建设，三位一体实现大数据治理；（4）促进数据共享基础设施建设，通过参与国际治理争取拿到更多的话语权。

Analysis and Implication of the Geological Big Data Management in Developed Countries: Take USA,UK, Australia and Canada as Example

The scientific data is an important national strategic resource, and data sharing is one of the means of effective exploitation and utilization on this resource. It is also an important basis for the transformation of current scientific research paradigm to data intensive. With the deep integration of modern information technology and exploration methods, geological exploration and geoscience research are being pushed into the era of Big Data, and it is urgent to conduct scientific management from the macro level. The developed countries in Europe and the United States have promoted the effective implementation of their own geological big data management by issuing policies and laying data infrastructure. In this paper, it investigates the data management work of the Geological Survey in the United States, Britain, Australia and Canada, and introduces and analyzes the status quo of the data management scope which including data policies, strategic plans, important databases and main data tools. Some Suggestions on data management in geological survey industry in China are put forward as follows: (1) Data management policy should adopt top-down design and implement bottom-up. (2) Open sharing and integrated communication of data is the development trend of global data research institutions in the future. (3) We will vigorously promote the construction of GeoCloud, and implement big data governance in the trinity of big data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. (4) The construction of data sharing infrastructure should be promoted, and more discourse power should be gained through participating in inter- national governance.