水资源与环境投入产出研究进展及关键问题

随着投入产出分析理论不断完善和发展，其应用研究领域不断得到拓展和深化。以投入产出理论发展入手，重点对水资源与环境投入产出研究作评述，提出研究中存在的关键问题。介绍了投入占用产出与灰色投入产出分析理论的提出与发展，两者均是对传统投入产出理论的有效补充和完善。阐述了水资源在区域各部门间的投入产出规律，总结了环境投入产出研究中结合其他分析方法的投入产出模型。大量文献资料显示，在国内外水资源与环境投入产出模型的发展与近期研究中，水资源消耗分析与虚拟水研究是水资源投入产出分析研究热点，环境排污分析与环境影响分析研究是环境投入产出分析的重点。提出并分析了内部技术假设和部门总合对投入产出分析结果的影响，指出该两大关键问题急需探索解决。最后，就投入产出分析研究现状提出几点展望。

Review on water resources and environmental input-output analysis and its key study issues

Used in studying the material and energy flow in socioeconomic system，Input-Output Analysis（IOA） has been an effective analysis tool since its born. The research fields of Input-Output Analysis were increasingly expanded and studied in depth with the development of IOA theory. In this paper， starting with the introduction of theory development，the water resources input-output analysis and environmental input-output analysis have been specifically reviewed，and two key study issues mentioned. Input-Occupancy-Output Analysis and Grey Input-Output Analysis whose proposal and development were introduced firstly could be regard as the effective complements of traditional IOA theory. Because of the hypotheses of homogeneity，stability and proportionality，Input-Occupancy-Output Analysis and Grey Input-Output Analysis always have been restricted in applications inevitably. In the applied study aspect，with the study of abundant literatures，research of water resources input-output analysis and environmental input-output analysis have been comprehensively reviewed and analyzed. The regional water resources flow between different economic sectors has been systematically analyzed and stated， and several types of environmental input-output analysis models combined with other effective analysis tools concluded. In two perspectives in terms of external and inland aspect， the development of water resources and environmental input-output analysis model has been explained， and several typical study cases in recent years listed respectively. By the aid of sufficient literature investigation and analysis， the internal development tendency and study hotspot has also been summarized. In recent years，Chinese literatures reporting water resources consumption analysis and virtue water study have occupied a large proportion. Water resources consumption analysis has always been the emphasis of inland water resources IOA. Virtue water study has been considered as the new hotspot of inland water resources IOA. Recent internal study references related to environmental input-output table，pollution discharge analysis and environmental impact assessment have taken the leading position. Pollution discharge analysis mainly aiming at CO2 discharge has been regarded as a new hotspot of environmental IOA. Environmental impact assessment was an important direction of inland environmental IOA in recent years. Key study issues including Domestic Technology Assumption（DTA） and Sectoral Aggregation（SA） have been mentioned remarkably. It was pointed out that multi-region input- output analysis（MIOA） may be helpful to solve the DTA. Because there was little study using effective analysis tools to quantify the bias of SA and the exploration of the appropriate sectoral aggregation degree was scarce，study dedicating to explore and solve these two key issues was deemed to be urgently needed. According to the study status，several points of outlook were proposed in the end.