吉尔吉斯斯坦西南部两栖爬行动物物种多样性

为了进一步了解吉尔吉斯斯坦两栖爬行动物物种多样性特征，于2012年9月15日～26日，在对吉尔吉斯斯坦西南部不同生境两栖爬行动物物种多样性进行野外实地调查和已有文献整理的基础上，初步整理出了分布在吉尔吉斯斯坦西南部的两栖爬行动物种类，并其物种多样性进行比较分析。本次考察共采集和记录实体标本621号，经鉴定共26种（亚种），分隶4目10科18属，其中两栖纲1目2科2属2种，爬行纲3目8科16属22种。其中新疆蟾蜍（Bufo pewzowi）、亚洲林蛙（Rana asiatica）、赛氏沙蜥（Phrynocephalus saidalievi）三个种为优势种类，占总个体数的55.23%；快步麻蜥（Eremias velox）、喜山岩蜥（Laudakia himalayana）、草原蜥（Trapelus agilis）、荒漠无脸蜥（Ablepharus deserti）、施氏石龙子（Eumeces schneideri）、叶城麻蜥（Eremias yarkandensis）、棋斑游蛇（Natrix tessellata）、白条锦蛇（Elaphe dione）、中亚眼镜蛇（Naja oxiana）、四爪陆龟指名亚种（Testudo horsfieldii horsfieldii）11种类为常见种，占总个体数的36.88%；新疆岩蜥（Laudakia stoliczkana）、敏麻蜥（Eremias arguta）、捷蜥蜴（Lacerta agilis）、红沙蠎（Eryx miliaris）、东方沙蠎（Eryx tataricus）、草原蝰（Vipera renardi）等12各种为稀有种类，占总个体数的7.89%。在不同生境间均存在物种多样性指标差异显著（p<0.05），物种多样性在草原最高（2.029 8），其次为山地森林（1.920 4），而荒漠最低（0.233 8）；丰富度均在山地森林最高（3.242 51），其次为草原（2.540 0），而在荒漠最低（0.288 5）；由于吉尔吉斯斯坦西南部的气候属于典型的大陆性气候，两栖爬行动物物种的组成主要以适应干旱环境的耐旱种类为主，区系组成较为简单，地方种类数量较少，在物种组成及起源等方面与我国西北地区的两栖爬行动物区系有着一定的联系。

Species diversity of amphibians and reptiles in southwestern region of Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz Republic is situated at the center of Eurasia and has general borders with Kazakhstan，China，Uzbekistan，Tajikistan. Kyrgyzstan is surrounded by arid and extra arid plains of Central Asia，whose environment falls under hard influence of desert area that stretches in eastern hemisphere from Sahara till Gobi. The distance from the ocean and altitude amplitude from 500 to 7 134 m above sea level forms general aridity and continentality of climate. From north and south borders of the country with large deserts，there are a rich diversity of resources-species，ecosystems and land forms concentrated in Kyrgyz Republic. Abrupt change of habitat and straight removal of plants and animals from nature brought to extinction of a many species and put under threat of extinction some others in recent years. In order to further understanding of species diversity of amphibians and reptiles in Kyrgyzstan，a field investigation was carried out at different habitats namely mountain forest，grassland，wetland，cropland，residential area，and desert in northeastern regions including four oblasties：Osh oblasty，Jala-Abad oblasty，Talas oblasty and Chüy oblasty，and three cities：Osh，Jala-Abad，and Bishkek of Kyrgyzstan by transects method from 15 th and 26 th September in 2012，and comparative analysis was made to the species diversity indices from the different habitats. The results showed that 621 individuals which belonged to 26 species（subspecies）,18 genus, 10 families, 4 orders of amphibians and reptiles specimens were collected in totally. Among them 5 amphibian species belonging to 2 genus，2 families one order，and 22 reptilian species belonging to 16 genus and 8 families were included. Bufo pewzowi，Rana asiatica，and Phrynocephalus saidalievi were the dominant species，and they accounted for 55.23% of the total species of the collections，Eremias velox，Laudakia himalayana，Trapelus agilis，Ablepharus deserti，Eumeces schneideri，Eremias yarkandensis，Natrix tessellate，Elaphe dione，Naja oxiana，and Testudo horsfieldii horsfieldii were the frequent species，and they accounted for 36.88% of the total collections，which make up of the basic components of the amphibians and reptiles distribution in Kyrgyzstan. The others 12 species such as Laudakia stoliczkana，Eremias arguta，Lacerta agilis，Eryx miliaris，Eryx tataricus，Vipera renardi were belonged to the rare groups，which accounted for 27.85% of the total species. There were significant differences in species diversity among the different habitats in these regions（p<0.05），species diversity and richness were the highest in the grassland habitat（2.029 8），the second in the mountain forest（1.920 4），while the least in the desert （0.233 8）；Abundance of mountain forest in the highest （3.242 5），and the lowest in desert（0.288 5）. The southwest of Kyrgyz Republic's climate is typical continental climate，mainly composed of amphibian and reptile species adapted to arid environment and drought tolerant species，faunistic composition is simple，and less number of endemic species，the species composition，geographical distribution and the origin of the herpetofauna were similar with northwest China's.