稀有金属锂铍矿床研究中的几个关键科学问题——代序

20世纪30年代以来，国内外稀有金属矿床成因研究一直存在着争论，尤其在相关岩石的岩浆源区、岩浆的分异程度、岩浆-热液转换过程、流体作用及其对稀有金属富集成矿的贡献等方面的科学问题还存在不同认识；对于锂铍等超轻元素来说，测试技术的难点也制约了稀有金属锂铍矿床成因机制方面的研究。近年来，战略性新兴产业的蓬勃发展促进了新一轮稀有金属矿床找矿勘查和成因研究的高潮。在中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所吴福元院士的部署和组织下，经过两年多的努力，第二次青藏高原科学考察综合研究专题"稀有金属资源现状与远景评估"（2019QQKZ0802）和中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所重点部署项目"关键矿产资源锂铍的成矿理论创新与实践探索"（IGGCAS-20 1902）的课题组成员围绕锂铍的富集成矿机理开展了工作，在（1）青藏高原及其邻区稀有金属富集机理和成矿潜力、（2）中国东部火山岩型铍矿成矿潜力和找矿远景、（3）中国西部风化壳型元素Li-REE的富集机制、（4）元素铍的原位分析技术、（5）高分异花岗岩富集成矿判别标识的实践探索等5个方面取得了重要的进展。

The key scientific problems for the research on the rare metal lithium-beryllium deposits

The vigorous development of emerging strategic industries has promoted a new round of genetic research and prospecting for rare metal deposits. Since the 1930s, there has been a debate on the genesis of rare metal deposits, such as the contribution of magma source, magmatic differentiation, magmatic-hydrothermal transformation and fluid processes to the enrichment and mineralization of rare metals; The difficulty of ultra-light element analysis technology also restricts the research on the genesis of the Li-Be rare deposit. Under the organization of Academician Wu Fuyuan of Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the members from the research group of the Current Situation and Prospect Evaluation of Rare Metal Resources, Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research of (2019QQKZ0802) and the Key Project "Theoretical Innovation and Practical Exploration of Li-Be Deposit" (IGGCAS-20 1902) of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have done the works on the genesis of Li-Be enrichment. The obtained development as follows: (1) Revealing the enrichment mechanism and metallogenic potential of rare metals in the Tibet Plateau and its adjacent areas; (2) Discussing the metallogenic potential and prospecting prospect of volcanic-hosted beryllium deposits in eastern China; (3) Proposing the enrichment mechanism of weathering Li-REE deposit in Western China; (4) Developing the in-situ analysis technology of element beryllium; (5) Identifying mineralized highly differentiated granite.