定向钻进技术的发展与应用

定向钻进技术已有近百年的历史，随着的资源钻采井孔深度的不断增加，近几年该技术发展很快。讨论定向钻进技术包括基本内涵与最新拓展，对于更好的理解与推广应用这项技术具有重要意义。论文讨论了定向钻进的定义，概述了钻孔设计、测斜技术、测斜数据计算、测斜数据传输，特别是纠斜新技术的发展如自动垂直与自动导向钻进新技术等。简要介绍了目前定向钻进技术的应用领域与钻孔类型。提出了适用于深部地质钻探的定向钻进全孔轨迹主动控制的概念与实施措施。

The Development and Application of Directional Drilling Technology

The history of directional drilling may be more than a decade that advances fast in recent years due to the boreholes deeper and deeper in the resource exploration and production. The fundamental knowledge and new development are broadly discussed in order to be better understanding and wise use of the technology. The definition of directional drilling, advances of the technology including borehole planning, borehole survey, measured data processing, telemetry systems, especially for the new development of deviation control like steering drilling tools are demonstrated. The applied fields and borehole types of directional drilling are enumerated. A new concept and technical measures of active control technique in the entire borehole for deep geological directional drilling are proposed.