A gravity-derived model for the steinheim impact crater |
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Authors: | Dr Kord Ernstson |
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Institution: | (1) Present address: Institut für Geologie der Universität, Pleicherwall 1, D-8700 Würzburg |
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Abstract: | The gravity survey of the Steinheim impact crater comprises about 500 gravity stations resulting in aBouguer anomaly map of the crater and its surroundings. From this map aBouguer residual anomaly of the impact structure was deduced which shows considerable character. A central negative anomaly with an amplitude of about -2 mgal and a halfwidth of 3 km is surrounded by ring-like relative positive and negative anomalies which extend to a radial distance of about 5–6 km. The interpretation is based on nine radial profiles with close station spacing. Model calculations were performed suggesting the Steinheim crater to be much larger and of different formation than has been assumed. Based on the gravity interpretation, on a morphological analysis, and on additional geological and geophysical observations a model of the Steinheim crater and its development is proposed. The main characteristics are a 500–600 m deep primary excavation and a final, apparent, diameter of roughly 7 km, contrasting to an up to now favoured shallow excavation and a 3.5–4 km final diameter. The model considerations include mass and energy calculations and references to the Ries impact crater.
Zusammenfassung Im Gebiet der Impakt-Struktur Steinheimer Becken wurden in Ergänzung zu früheren Untersuchungen neue Schweremessungen durchgeführt. Mit den nunmehr etwa 500 vorliegenden, nachBouguer reduzierten Schwerewerten wurde eine Karte derBouguer-Anomalien konstruiert, aus der nach Abzug eines Regionalfeldes eine Restfeld-Anomalie für den Impakt-Krater gewonnen wurde. Sie ist grob rotationssymmetrisch und zeigt außerhalb eines zentralen Schwereminimums von –2 mgal ringförmig angeordnete, relative positive und negative Schwereanomalien. Die Interpretation stützt sich auf neun radiale Profile erhöhter Stationsdichte, von denen vier für Modellrechnungen ausgewählt wurden. Auf Grund der berechneten Dichtemodelle, einer ergänzenden morphologischen Analyse der Kraterstruktur sowie zusätzlicher geologischer und geophysikalischer Befunde wird ein Modell für den Aufbau und die Entstehung des Steinheimer Beckens vorgeschlagen. Danach ist das heutige Becken mit einem Durchmesser von rund 3,5 km der Ausdruck einer primären Kraterstruktur, die in einer Exkavationsphase entstand und eine Tiefe von 500–600 m besaß. Ausgleichsbewegungen führten zu einer Massenkonvergenz und Anhebung in der Kratermitte und einer Absenkung außerhalb des primären Kraters, die die endgültige Struktur auf grob 7 km Durchmesser vergrößerte. Die Modell-Betrachtungen schließen Massen- und Energieabschätzungen sowie Vergleiche zum Ries-Krater ein.
Résumé La recherche gravimétrique dans le cratère d'impact de Steinheim et ses environs (Allemagne du Sud) comprend environ 500 stations de mesure qui ont été utilisées pour construire une carte des anomalies deBouguer. Un champ régional a été tracé pour obtenir l'anomalie résiduelle du cratère. On observe une anomalie négative (–2 mgal) au centre de la structure cernée d'anomalies positives et négatives relatives de faible amplitude, jusqu'à une distance radiale de 5–6 km. Pour l'interprétation neuf profils radiaux, où les stations sont à faible distance, ont été utilisés. Les modèles calculés pour quatre profils radiaux suggèrent que la structure de Steinheim est plus grande qu'on ne l'a supposé jusqu'à présent. En partant de l'interprétation des mesures gravimétriques, d'une analyse topographique du cratère et d'observations géologiques et géophysiques complémentaires un modèle de la structure Steinheim et de son développement est proposé. On en conclut que le bassin actuel avec un diamètre de 3,5 km est l'expression d'une structureprimaire du cratère qui s'est formée au cours d'une phase d'excavation et possédait une profondeur de 500–600 mètres. Des mouvements d'égalisation conduisirent à une convergence de masses avec soulèvement dans le centre du cratère et un affaissement à l'extérieur du cratère primaire, lequel s'accrut jusqu'à la structure finale de quelque 7 km. Le modèle inclut le calcul des masses déplacées et des énergies d'impact ainsi qu'une comparaison avec le cratère d'impact du Ries.
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![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![bcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1073.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![bcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![jcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1081.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) . ![Pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1055.gif) ![ecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1101.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1103.gif) ![shcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1096.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![bcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1073.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![jcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1081.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![chcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) 3,5 ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![yacy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1103.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![yacy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1103.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1099.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zhcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1078.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1095.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![zcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![shcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1096.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![fcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1092.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![zcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1079.gif) ![ecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1101.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![yucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1102.gif) ![shchcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1097.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![bcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1073.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) 500 – 600 . ![Kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1050.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tscy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1094.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1099.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![zhcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1078.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ycy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1099.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![yacy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1103.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tscy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![chcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1095.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![chcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1095.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![bcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1073.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) , ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) 7 ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) . ![Pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1055.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![lcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1083.gif) ![ucy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1091.gif) ![chcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1095.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![tscy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1094.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![ecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1101.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![gcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1075.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) , ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![pcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1087.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![dcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1076.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![scy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1089.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![vcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1074.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![mcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1084.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![ncy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1085.gif) ![ycy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1099.gif) ![kcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1082.gif) ![rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1088.gif) ![acy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1072.gif) ![tcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1090.gif) ![iecy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1077.gif) ![ocy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1086.gif) ![Rcy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1056.gif) ![icy](/content/p7547v2q53745646/xxlarge1080.gif) .
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本文献已被 SpringerLink 等数据库收录! |
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