GPS RTK点位测量随机误差二维空间分布模式研究

矢量空间数据的可用性取决于其空间位置不确定性，直接受控于点元位置误差的二维空间概率分布模式。应用GPS RTK技术，对选定测量点的空间位置进行重复观测，累积观测20 d，采用一维、二维正态分布检验与数学模型拟合3种分析方法，研究了GPS RTK测点误差空间概率分布模式。结果表明，GPS RTK测点误差空间分布呈现为具有一定方向的二维正态分布形式，并且这种分布形式的显著性随着点元位置观测时间的缩短而不断提升。所得到的GPS RTK测点误差空间概率分布模式可为其测点误差空间分布影响因素分析与数学预测模型构建奠定基础，并有助于推动矢量空间数据位置不确定性的理论研究。

A Two-Dimensional Spatial Distribution Model for the Positioning Random Error of GPS RTK

The spatial position uncertainty influences the availability of the vector spatial data, which is directly controlled by the two-dimensional probability distribution model of the point's position errors. This paper studies the spatial distribution model of GPS RTK positioning random error, which has repeatedly measured the selected points for 20 days. Then the one-and two-dimensional normal distribution tests and two-dimensional normal distribution fitting are employed to analyze the distribution model. The results show that the GPS RTK positioning random error fits directional two-dimensional normal distribution model and the significance is enhanced constantly along with the observation time shorten. The research results can build foundation for analyzing the influencing factors of the distribution model of positioning random error and establishing the mathematic forecasting model. Besides, contribute to promote the theoretical research of position uncertainty for spatial vector data.