Chemistry of springwater in Almora, Central Himalaya, India |
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Authors: | K Kumar D S Rawat R Joshi |
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Institution: | (1) G. B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Kosi, Almora, India – 263643, IN |
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Abstract: | A field study was conducted to assess variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water of the springs located within
the boundary of a Central Himalayan town where the springwater is used for drinking purposes. Monitoring of 12 springs was
carried out for three seasons (winter, summer and monsoon). The results indicate direct influence of unplanned sewage disposal
on the springwater quality as reflected by significant regional variations in the concentration of nitrates, chlorides, sulfates,
sulfides and electrical conductivity. Population density varies within the town from 3110 to 14 137 persons/km–2 and has direct relationship with water quality. Springs located in the densely populated area had higher concentrations of
all these compounds. Concentrations of nitrates up to 60 ppm were observed in some springs, making water unsuitable for human
consumption. No significant changes were observed in springwater quality during different seasons.
Received: 3 February 1995 · Accepted: 27 February 1996 |
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Keywords: | Spring water Sewage Drinking water Population density |
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