澜沧江-湄公河水电站单位发电耗水量分析计算

为对比澜沧江-湄公河流域各国水电开发对水资源消耗的差异，选择流域范围内37座已建主要电站，基于遥感再分析资料，运用改进的水电站水足迹方法核算并分析2015年流域各国水电站水足迹及其年内变化。结果表明:流域中国段水电站水足迹最小，具有最高的单位耗水量发电效率；老挝及泰国水电站水足迹普遍偏大，发电效率低且耗水量巨大。因此，从发电水资源消耗角度看，流域内地处上游的中国江段较适宜水电开发，下游国家发展水力发电需考虑水资源消耗影响。

Analysis and calculation of water consumption of hydropower plants in Lancang-Mekong River basin

To compare the differences in water resource consumption among hydropower projects in the Lancang-Mekong River basin, we chose 37 hydropower plants as examples. Based on an analysis of remote sensing data, the water footprints of these hydropower plants in 2015 were analyzed using the improved water footprint method. The results revealed that the hydropower plants in Lancang River basin, which have the smallest water footprint of hydropower plants in China, indicating a high efficiency of electricity production. In contrast, the hydropower plants in the Mekong River basin located in Laos and Thailand had a larger water footprint, suggesting a low efficiency of electricity production and high consumption of water resources. Therefore, from the perspective of power generation efficiency and water resources consumption, the upstream section in China is more suitable for hydropower development, and the influence of water resources consumption in hydropower should be appropriately considered in downstream countries.