喜马拉雅山脉近期上升的探讨

喜马拉雅山脉是地球上最高、最长大和最年青的山脉之一。它以宏伟的规模和巨大的海拔高度强烈地影响着我国西藏地区以至亚洲中部自然环境的变化。自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,在毛主席和党中央的关怀下,曾对珠穆朗玛峰及邻近地区进行过多次考察。在无产阶级文化大革命的1966-1968年,又进行了珠峰地区多学科的科学考察。

ON THE RECENT UPLIFT OF THE HIMALAYAS

The attractive problem of the geomorphology and geology of Quaternary period in Mount Jolmo Lungma region, i.e. the recent uplift of Himalayas and its relation to the Quaternary Ice Age and paleoclimate, is discussed specially in this paper.Based on the abundant pollen and plant fossils and the traces of the ancient snowline, the influences of the climatic factor have been separated from neoteetonic one and the following two conclusions can be constructed.1. The Quaternary uplift of the axis part of the Himalayas approaches 3,000 m. During the early, middle and late Pleistocene and the "Yali stage" of the Holocene the Himalayan uplift are of about 2,400 m, 2,000-2,300 m, 1,400 m and 300 m respectively. The uplift of the northern slope of the Himalayas is of less magnitude.2. Before the middle Pleistocene the uplift of the Himalayas was favourable to the development of glaciers. Since the late Pleistocene, the Himalayan range has uplifted to considerably great elevation and has become an effective climatic barrier for Indian Monsoon. This gives to the northern slope of the Himalayas and the Xizang Plateau a cold and dry continental climate, and therefore, the development of glaciers is more and less restricted.