Fatal landslides in Europe |
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Authors: | Ubydul Haque Philipp Blum Paula F da Silva Peter Andersen Jürgen Pilz Sergey R Chalov Jean-Philippe Malet Mateja Jemec Aufli? Norina Andres Eleftheria Poyiadji Pedro C Lamas Wenyi Zhang Igor Peshevski Halldór G Pétursson Tayfun Kurt Nikolai Dobrev Juan Carlos García-Davalillo Matina Halkia Stefano Ferri George Gaprindashvili Johanna Engström David Keellings |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Geography,University of Florida,Gainesville,USA;2.Emerging Pathogens Institute,University of Florida,Gainesville,USA;3.Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),Institute for Applied Geosciences (AGW),Karlsruhe,Germany;4.GeoBioTec & Dept. Ciências da Terra, Fac. Ciências e Tecnologia,Universidade Nova de Lisboa,Caparica,Portugal;5.Department of Geography,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway;6.Alpen-Adria University of Klagenfurt,Klagenfurt,Austria;7.Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography,Moscow,Russia;8.Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7516, EOST,Université de Strasbourg,Strasbourg,France;9.Geological Survey of Slovenia,Ljubljana,Slovenia;10.Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL,Birmensdorf,Switzerland;11.Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration,Athens,Greece;12.Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Science,Beijing,People’s Republic of China;13.Department of Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering,University Ss. Cyril and Methodius,Skopje,Macedonia;14.Icelandic Institute of Natural History,Akureyri,Iceland;15.Department of Forest Construction and Transportation,Istanbul University, Faculty of Forestry,Bah?ek?y-Sar?yer/Istanbul,Turkey;16.Geological Institute, BAS,Sofia,Bulgaria;17.Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME),Geological Risk Area,Valencia,Spain;18.Joint Research Centre, European Commission,Ispra,Italy;19.Department of Geology, National Environmental Agency, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection,Tbilisi,Georgia |
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Abstract: | Landslides are a major hazard causing human and large economic losses worldwide. However, the quantification of fatalities and casualties is highly underestimated and incomplete, thus, the estimation of landslide risk is rather ambitious. Hence, a spatio-temporal distribution of deadly landslides is presented for 27 European countries over the last 20 years (1995–2014). Catastrophic landslides are widely distributed throughout Europe, however, with a great concentration in mountainous areas. In the studied period, a total of 1370 deaths and 784 injuries were reported resulting from 476 landslides. Turkey showed the highest fatalities with 335. An increasing trend of fatal landslides is observed, with a pronounced number of fatalities in the latest period from 2008 to 2014. The latter are mostly triggered by natural extreme events such as storms (i.e., heavy rainfall), earthquakes, and floods and only minor by human activities, such as mining and excavation works. Average economic loss per year in Europe is approximately 4.7 billion Euros. This study serves as baseline information for further risk mapping by integrating deadly landslide locations, local land use data, and will therefore help countries to protect human lives and property. |
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