海水养殖对沿岸生态环境影响的研究进展

综述国际上海水养殖对沿岸环境影响的研究进展 ,并结合中国实际探讨减少养殖污染和海水养殖业可持续发展的途径。海水养殖主要通过有机物和营养物的排放、化学药物的使用、养殖动物的逃逸、红树林的破坏等途径对沿岸生态环境产生负面影响。为减小这一影响 ,认为应采取提高人工饲料的质量、单一养殖系统结构优化和复合养殖系统的结构优化、处理养殖排放水、海岸带综合治理等措施。

Review on Effects of Mariculture on Coastal Environment

This paper reviews the research advance on the effects of mariculture on coastal environment, and discusses the ways of reducing the discharge of pollutants from mariculture with Chinese practices. Mariculture affects coastal ecological environment negatively by nutrient and organic matter enrichment, chemical discharge, escape of fish from mariculture operation and mangrove wetland converted into fish or shrimp culture ponds etc. In order to keep the development of mariculture sustainable,improving artificial feed formulation, optimizing the culture structure of inner culture sytems and optimizing the culture structure of complex culture systems, improving the treatment of waste water and integrated planning of mariculture development should be conducted as soon as possible.