1998年一次梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统的模拟与诊断分析

文中利用观测资料(包括部分‘四大科学试验'资料)和高分辨率数值模拟结果,对1998年6月16～17日发生在赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓地区的梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统特征进行了分析研究。分析表明:(1)本次梅雨锋暴雨发生在对流层中低层中β尺度低压南侧的中尺度辐合线上;在弱的风垂直切变环境下,梅雨锋中α对流云系中有数个中β尺度云呈塔状强烈垂直发展,它们是造成暴雨的中β尺度对流系统。(2)基于加密探空观测的对流有效位能计算显示,赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓地区的强暴雨发生前,最大对流有效位能可达到2600J/kg;通过时间加密的探空观测有可能捕捉对流有效位能的中尺度变化特征。(3)利用高分辨率模拟结果对赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓的暴雨中β尺度对流系统(中β降水云塔)的结构分析显示,强烈发展的中β降水云塔为有利的中尺度动力配置结构,即对应着一个狭窄的、从地面伸展到250hPa的正涡度区,其1.5m/s的垂直上升运动与低层强辐合和高层强辐散相伴随。(4)通过分析与诊断,提出了低层中尺度辐合线上强烈发展的梅雨锋暴雨中β尺度对流系统的气流运动图像,即:在对流层低层,空气从西南和西北两个方向流入中β降水云塔区,在云塔中垂直(略向东倾斜)上升;靠近云塔南(北)侧边缘的上升气。

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS ON MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS OF A TORRENTIAL RAIN CASE IN MEIYU PERIOD OF 1998

The charact eristics of the mesoscale convective systems of a torrential rain case occurring over south Yangtz River on 16-17 June 1998 are invest igated by using mesoscale numerical simulations and observations as well as 1998 field-experiments data. It has been revealed that the torrential rain occurs associated with the generation of a mesoscale convergence line in the region to the south of a mesoscale low in lower-troposphere; under the weak vertical wind-shear condition, several meso-β clouds, the convect ive systems directly relat ed to the torrential rain, develop st rongly in vertical like towers within a meso-β cloud; and before the occurrence (about 8 h) of the torrential rain, the maximum value of convection available potential energy could reach 2600 J/kg, which is gained through the intensive sounding data from 1998 field experiments.