“大分流”的隐喻：中国与西欧优势手工业发展逻辑再审视（7—14世纪）

“大分流”相关学说异彩纷呈、数家争鸣的背后，实质均是通过构建自身话语体系对“西方中心论”的质疑和挑战。从历史实践看，工业革命始终是中西方经济发展的分水岭，而手工业作为工业革命的先声，均曾在中西方历史上大放异彩。7—14世纪中国和西欧由于农业资源禀赋的差异，形成了各自的优势手工行业——丝织业和呢绒业。就发展逻辑而言，中西方均展现出分工不断细化（由行业内分工向劳动分工发展）、产品市场关联增强的特点，但中国主要是官府需求推动并存在于官营手工工场，西欧则是由市场发展分化而来且广泛分布于城市及郊区作坊工场；中国受“施坚雅模式”层级市场影响，丝织产地之间缺乏竞争意识，西欧面对共同的区域或海外市场形成佛兰德斯、意大利和英格兰相互竞争的呢绒产业格局。分工层次和产地竞争的路径依赖殊异明显，隐喻了工业革命后中西方经济发展的“大分流”。

The metaphor of "Great Divergence": A reexamination of the logic of the development of handicraft industry in China and Western Europe (7-14th Century)

Behind the colorful appearance of "Great Divergence" theory and the contention of several schools, the essence was to question and challenge the "Western-centered Theory" by constructing its own discourse system. From the perspective of historical practice, the industrial revolution was the watershed of the economic development of China and the west, and handicraft industry, as the forerunner of the industrial revolution, had shone brilliantly in the history of China and the west. From the 7th to the 14th century, due to the fundamental differences in agricultural landscape, China and Western Europe formed their own dominant handcraft industries -- silk and woolen.In terms of development logic of western and Chinese were both display division refinement, namely from the industry division of labor to the development of division of labor, the characteristics of the product market increased, but the division of labor in China was mainly government demand may coexist in the manual workshop, Western Europe was split by the market development and widely distributed in the cities and suburbs; Under the influence of the " Skinnerian Model " level market, China lacked the sense of competition among the silk producing areas. In Western Europe, Flanders, Italy and England competed with each other in the common regional or overseas markets. Different levels of division of labor and route dependence of origin competition were a metaphor for the "great divergence" of Chinese and western economic development after the industrial revolution.