铌钽元素分析技术新进展

铌钽是发展新兴产业所需的功能性和结构性材料,铌钽矿产是国家重点支持的战略新兴矿产资源,开展相关物料中铌钽的分析技术研究具有重要意义。由于铌和钽的物理化学性质十分相似,彼此难以分离,且易水解,加之地质样品分解困难,因此铌和钽的分析测试一直困扰着分析工作者。本文重点对铌钽元素分析中的样品前处理技术和现代分析测试技术进行综述。样品前处理是铌钽分析的关键环节,结合分析方法和样品特性,选择合理的样品分解和分离富集方法是准确测定铌钽的前提。仪器分析是现代分析测试技术的主流,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱/质谱法(ICP-OES/MS)是目前测定铌钽应用最多的方法,需要解决共存组分的干扰、基体效应和盐类影响等问题。激光剥蚀(LA)技术、X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)和中子活化分析法(NAA)采用固体进样,避免了前期样品处理的繁琐步骤和杂质的引入,是铌钽元素分析发展的方向。

Progress of Niobium and Tantalum Analytical Technology

As strategic emerging mineral resources supported by the state, niobium and tantalum are the functional and structural materials needed for the development of emerging industries. Therefore, conducting research on the determination of niobium and tantalum in related materials is of great significance. Unfortunately, niobium and tantalum have similar physical and chemical properties, making it difficult to separate them. However, they are easy to hydrate. Geological samples are difficult to be decomposed, thus the determination of niobium and tantalum has always been a difficult issue. Sample pre-treatment technology and modern analytical techniques are reviewed in this paper. Sample pre-treatment is the key step for niobium and tantalum analysis, therefore a suitable sample digestion and preconcentration method combined with analytical methods and sample characteristics is the premise of accurate determination of niobium and tantalum. Instrument analysis is the mainstream of modern analytical technology. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) are the most widely used methods for the determination of niobium and tantalum, but it is necessary to solve problems such as coexisting component interference, matrix effects and salt influence. Laser Ablation (LA), X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF), and Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) are the development direction of tantalum and niobium analysis, due to the fact that they avoid the complicated sample pre-treatment and addition of impurities by solid sample introduction.