Cumulative impact mapping: Advances,relevance and limitations to marine management and conservation,using Canada's Pacific waters as a case study |
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Authors: | Natalie C. Ban Hussein M. Alidina Jeff A. Ardron |
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Affiliation: | 1. UBC Fisheries Centre, Project Seahorse, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada;2. Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Queensland 4810, Australia;3. WWF-Canada, Pacific Region, Suite 1588, 409 Granville St, Vancouver, BC, V6C 1T2, Canada;4. Pacific Marine Analysis and Research Association, Sussex Place Suite G7, 1001 Douglas Street, Victoria, BC, V8W 2C5, Canada |
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Abstract: | Analysis of cumulative human impacts in the marine environment is still in its infancy but developing rapidly. In this study, existing approaches were expanded upon, aiming for a realistic consideration of cumulative impacts at a regional scale. Thirty-eight human activities were considered, with each broken down according to stressor types and a range of spatial influences. To add to the policy relevance, existing stressors within and outside of conservation areas were compared. Results indicate the entire continental shelf of Canada's Pacific marine waters is affected by multiple human activities at some level. Commercial fishing, land-based activities and marine transportation accounted for 57.0%, 19.1%, and 17.7% of total cumulative impacts, respectively. Surprisingly, most areas with conservation designations contained higher impact scores than the mean values of their corresponding ecoregions. Despite recent advances in mapping cumulative impacts, many limitations remain. Nonetheless, preliminary analyses such as these can provide information relevant to precautionary management and conservation efforts. |
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Keywords: | Anthropogenic stressors Cumulative effects Ecosystem-based management Marine protected area Multiple stressors Marine spatial planning |
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