宁东煤矿区地裂缝对植被生态环境的影响

地裂缝地质灾害是植被生态地质环境破坏的一种重要的方式,查明地裂缝对植被生态环境影响的方式、程度、范围等对于宁东煤矿区植被生态环境保护具有重要意义。土壤水分是评价地裂缝是否影响植被生态的重要指标,地裂缝的存在加剧了植被赖以生存的土壤水分的散失,因此,选取典型植被区、土壤岩性结构区的煤矿采空区开展原位试验,分别动态监测裂缝边缘、远离裂缝区包气带剖面不同埋深的土壤水分,结合气象要素分析,以达到研究地裂缝对植被生态环境影响的目的。结果表明:(1)土壤水分散失空间上水分优先自裂缝裸露面散失,其次才会自地表散失;(2)土壤水分散失时间呈动态变化,同气温呈正相关关系,其中,7月最大,呈现2个蒸发面,8月次之,呈现1个蒸发面;(3)受土壤岩性的影响,随着土壤埋深增加,土壤含水率呈"S"形变化特征,不同岩性持水性大小顺序是:风积沙黄土根植土粉土;该结论对于宁东煤矿区植被生态地质环境保护具有重要指导意义。

The influence of ground fissure on Vegetation ecological environment in Ningdong coal mine

The geological disaster of ground fissures is a kind of important vegetation ecological geological environmental damage, and hence the detection of the influence of ground fissures on the vegetation ecological environment in such aspects as the way, degree and extent for vegetation ecological environment protection of east Ningxia coal mining area is of great significance. Soil moisture is an important index to evaluate whether cracks affect the vegetation ecology; the existence of the ground fissures exacerbates soil water loss of the vegetation; therefore, the selection of typical vegetation area and soil lithology structure area for in situ experiment in the coal mine goaf, the dynamic monitoring of crack edge, and the soil moisture of different buried depths away from the fracture zone vadose section should be done in combination with meteorological elements analysis so as to achieve the purpose of the study of vegetation ecological environment effect of the ground fissures. Some conclusions have been reached:(1) Water loss of soil water is that the water is lost first and the surface is then lost. (2) The time of soil moisture dissipation is dynamic and positively correlated with temperature, with the largest occurring in July, which exhibits two evaporation surfaces, and the second occurring in August, which exhibits one evaporation surface. (3) Affected by soil lithology, soil moisture content shows "S" characteristics with the increase of soil depth, with the order of water-holding property of different lithologic characters being aeolian sand > loess soil > root soil > silt. This conclusion has important guiding significance for the protection of vegetation ecology and geological environment in Ningdong coal mine area.