浅析如何在溶剂萃取机理研究中正确使用斜率法

斜率法是萃取机理研究最为常用的方法之一。尽管其理论基础和使用方法非常简单,但该方法却常常被误用,导致其非但不能有效的确定萃取机理,反而产生了误导性结论。本文以t-BAMBP萃取碱金属离子(K~+、Rb~+、Cs~+)体系为例讨论了常见的错误用法以及造成这类情况的根源问题,之后对其他萃取体系中类似错误用法进行了简要评述,表明斜率法的错误使用主要源于对萃取反应方程式的错误假定及对工作方程推导过程中引入的近似处理理解不当。最后总结了在萃取机理研究中正确使用斜率法的几点注意事项。

Discussion on How to Correctly Use Slope Analysis Method for Liquid-Liquid Extraction Mechanism Study

Slope analysis method is a common used approach for the study of solvent extraction mechanism. Theory and use of the method is relatively simple, but extensive studies have made incorrect or improper usage, which results in the solvent extraction reactions were misunderstood and gave bad knowledge. In this article, common errors on the usage of slope analysis method were discussed using the solvent extraction system (t-BAMBP or s-BAMBP+M⁺(M=K,Rb,Cs)) as an example.Moreover, brief reviews on the usage of slope analysis method for some other solvent extraction system were also included. We conclude that the incorrect usage of slope analysis method mainly results from the error assumed extraction reaction and improper using of simple working equation ignoring the approximation in the derivation of the equation. Finally, some tips for the correctly use of slope analysis in solvent extraction mechanism were pointed out.