滩涂湿地围垦前后服务功能的效益分析--以上虞市世纪丘滩涂为例

在详细分析滩涂湿地服务功能的基础之上，评估了上虞市世纪丘滩涂围垦前、后服务功能的效益及其变化。结果表明，滩涂围垦前，生态环境功能效益与社会经济功能效益分别占总效益的95％和5％，主要表现在提供生物栖息地与水文调节方面；滩涂围垦后，生态环境功能效益下降了63％，而社会经济功能效益则增加了30倍，主要表现在提供大量的动植物产品方面；此外，围垦后，其服务功能类型的多样性有所减少，但服务功能的总效益有所增加。

Benefits analysis of tidal flat functions before and after reclamation-a case of Shijiqiu tidal flat

Large-scale tidal flat reclamation will cause detrimental environmental changes and related problems. It decreases the environmental quality by neutralizing benefits associated with tidal flats-coastal protection, waste neutralization, and wildlife habitats which are related directly to the amount of tidal flat loss. Tidal flats are of great functions and high benefits. It is necessary to have an all-sided evaluation before and after the flat changed from natural ecosystem to man-made one. The purpose of this study was analyzing various functions of tidal flat and calculating the benefits of these functions using substitute expense method, travel cost approach and direct-market price method and so on, with the example of Shijiqiu Tidal flat. Tidal flat had both eco-environmental and social-economic functions. The former included microclimatic stabilization, hydrologic regulating, waste purification and habitat offering, and the latter included recreation, research and education providing, animal and plant products supply and mine resources supply. Before the reclamation, the benefits of eco-environmental and social-economic functions of Shijiqiu Tidal flat accounted for 95% and 5% of the total one, respectively, and the functions of habitat offering and hydrologic regulating were very remarkable; After the reclamation, the benefit of eco-environmental functions dropped 63%, but social-economic functions' benefit increased drastically to 30 times, mainly in offering large quantity of animal and plant products supply, and the total one enhanced as a result. The proportion of the benefits accounted for 31% and 69%, respectively. Therefore, evaluation of functions of Shijiqiu tidal flats could be regarded as environmentally friendly practices in planning and design and was very helpful for local government to make a proper plan.