华东中部洞穴的类型与特征

本文将华东中部地区的洞穴划为五种成因类型,并以典型洞穴为例,阐述了各类型洞穴的基本特征。同时,对本区洞穴的形态特征也作了分析。

THE TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CAVES IN EAST CHINA

According to various cave, features, formed by corrosion, erosion and collapse, five types of caves can be classified in the central part of East China.They are:1)pure-corrosion caves;2)Corrosion-erosion caves; 3)Corrosion-collapse caves. 4)Erosion-corrosion caves. 5)Collapse-corrosion eaves.The pure-corrosion caves are usually small, with many corrosional micro-morphologies on the cave walls and tops.In addition to the corrosional features, the corrosion-erosion caves have several erosional features on the walls, tops and bottems, the underguound streams in these caves carried an amount of sands and pebbles, with strong erosion.Some strongly corrosional caves have been lifted by the neotectonic movements and start to collapse in some parts of the cave tops. These caves are called Corrosion-collapse caves. Some caves are formed in the stripped thin argillaceous limestone interbedded with shale The mechanical erosion of underground streams to shale are stronger than the chemical corrosion to limestone in these caves. So, they are called the erosion-corrosion caves.Some caves have collapsed on a large scale under the control of faults.Usually they are big and have a lot of speleothems.They are called collapse-corrosion caves.According to the shapes of the caves in East China, the authors have also divided them into two types:1)mono-storey caves and 2)multi-storey caves. The mono-storey caves have been subdivided into four sub-types, i.e.a.single corridor caves; b.single chamber caves; c.chamber and corridor caveg; d.complex-shape caves.The authors have also given a simple subclassification to the multi-storey caves in East China. Several typical caves are described in this paper.