非洲矿业发展概况

矿业是非洲多数国家的支柱性产业之一,在其国民经济发展中起着关键性作用.本文综合中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心(南部非洲)和中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心(北部非洲)取得的阶段性研究成果对非洲矿业发展情况进行了简要总结.39个非洲主要国家中,最新年度矿业产值超过150亿美元的国家有7个,矿业产值占其GDP的比例超过6％的国家有24个,近10年矿业产值占其GDP的平均比例超过6％的国家有22个.非洲大陆以冈瓦纳构造域为主体,其下伏基底主要为太古宙至古元古代变质沉积岩、变质岩浆岩和岩浆岩,内部的太古宙克拉通常被一系列新元古代造山带所包围,部分基底被泛非期岩浆岩侵入.非洲大陆构造演化主要包括古老克拉通陆核的形成阶段(>35亿年)、克拉通演化阶段(35～16.5亿年)、地台发育和陆内裂解阶段(16.5～6亿年)、地台盖层和大断裂发育阶段(6亿年以来)等四个阶段,以新元古代泛非事件为标志可以将非洲大陆进一步划分为5个Ⅱ级构造单元.非洲地区优势矿产主要包括石油、天然气、金、铁、钴、铜、铅锌、铝土矿、铀、钾盐等近30种,本文详细介绍了镍、钴、铬、铜、铁等11个矿种的矿业项目、储量和资源量以及矿床地质特征等相关信息,可为中资企业在非洲开展矿业投资等提供权威可靠的地质资料和理论认识.

Mining development status of Africa

Mining is one of the pillar industries in many African countries and plays a key role in their national economic development. Based on the research results of Tianjin Center of China Geological Survey (Southern Africa) and Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey (Northern Africa), this paper briefly summarizes the mining development status of Africa. Mining output values of seven countries of thirty- nine major African countries have more than 15 billion USD in the latest year, and the ratios of mining output value vs GDP of twenty- four countries have more than 6%. The average ratios of mining output value vs GDP of twenty- two countries have more than 6% since 2010. The African continent is dominated by Gondwana tectonic domain. The basement rocks are mainly composed of Archean to Paleoproterozoic metamorphic sedimentary, metamorphic magmatic and magmatic rocks. The inside Archean Craton is usually surrounded by a series of Neoproterozoic orogenic belts, and some parts of the basement are intruded by Pan- African magmatic rocks. The tectonic evolution of African continent mainly includes the formation stage of ancient craton core (>3.5 billion years), craton evolution stage (3.5~1.65 billion years), platform development and internal break stage (1.65~0.6 billion years), platform cover and large fracture development stage (since 0.6 billion years). According to the Neoproterozoic Pan- African orogenic event, the African continent can be further divided into five II grade tectonic units. The preponderant minerals in Africa mainly include oil, natural gas, gold, iron, cobalt, copper, lead- zinc, bauxite, uranium, sylvine and so on. This paper detailly introduces the mining projects, mineral reserves and resources and deposit characteristics of eleven minerals such as nickel, cobalt, chromium, copper and iron, which can provide authoritative and reliable geological data and theoretical knowledge for Chinese enterprises to carry out mining investment in Africa.