Correction to: Application of analytical hierarchy process (AHP) for flood risk assessment: a case study in Malda district of West Bengal,India |
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| Authors: | Abhishek Ghosh Shyamal Kumar Kar |
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| Institution: | 1.Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences,Moscow,Russia;2.National Research University MPEI (Moscow Power-Engineering Institute),Moscow,Russia;3.Indian Institute of Geomagnetism,Navi Mumbai,India;4.Hayakawa Institute of Seismo Electromagnetics, Co. Ltd.,Chofu Tokyo,Japan |
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| Abstract: | Flow pulsations in two-phase and single-phase near-critical fluids are considered as a possible source of ultra-low-frequency seismo-electromagnetic variations. The conditions for generation and suppression of density wave instability in the crust are analyzed and the surface electromagnetic effect due to streaming potential generation is estimated. The upper limit of amplitude of magnetic field variations due to density wave instability is about 0.1 nT for single-phase supercritical and 1 nT for two-phase flow oscillations in the frequency range \(10^{-4}{-}10^{-2}~\) Hz for the temperature gradients and spatial scales possible during strike slip events. The signal is characterized by a decaying amplitude with typical relaxation time of about several quasi-periods. The possibility of generation of very low-frequency flow pulsations in two-phase fluids via individual bubble evolution and interaction with external acoustic waves is discussed. |
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