“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口区位优势度评估

评估“海上丝绸之路”沿线港口的区位优势度,对于港口及其腹地基础设施合理规划、港口未来投资预判以及推进“一带一路”倡议有重要意义。本文从海陆联运的视角出发,综合考虑港口腹地的路网密度、交通干线影响度、城市影响度、航运战略枢纽影响度和航运战略通道影响度等五个因素,构建港口区位优势度评价模型来对“海上丝绸之路”沿线重要港口进行区位优势度分析。研究发现：① “海上丝绸之路”沿线港口的区位优势度区域化差异显著,从东向西总体呈“高-低-高”的空间分布格局;② 从世界分区的视角看,东南亚区域港口区位优势最高,其次为南欧至西欧、南亚、北非、西亚等地区,东非至南非区域港口区位优势度最低;③ 港口各区位影响因素的评价结果空间分布特征差异显著,其中港口区位优势度分布特征与交通干线影响度、城市影响度的相关性较大。研究结果可为海外港口基础设施的投资建设过程提供科学支撑。

Evaluation on Location Advantages of the Ports along the Maritime Silk Road

The port is the critical node in the Maritime Silk Road. The location advantages evaluation of the port along the Maritime Silk Road is of great significance to the rational planning of the port and its hinterland infrastructure, and also plays an important role in the port investment forecast and the Belt and Road initiative promotion. From the perspective of the sea-land combined transportation, this paper comprehensively considers the influence of the road network density of port hinterland, traffic artery, city, strategic shipping hub port and channel, then builds the evaluation model of port location advantages to analyze the advantages of important ports along the Maritime Silk Road. This study shows that: (1) For the ports along the Maritime Silk Road, their location advantages have a significant discrepancy in different regions, and the distribution pattern presents the characteristics of high-low-high from east to west; (2) While the location advantages of ports are similar within a country, the regional difference is obvious. The ports in Southeast Asia have the highest location advantages, followed by Southern Europe to Western Europe, South Asia, North Africa and West Asia. The ports in East African to South Africa regions have the lowest location advantages; (3) There are significant regional differences in the influence factors of port location, and the port location advantages are more relevant to the influences of the traffic artery and the city. The results can provide scientific support for the investment and construction process of overseas port infrastructure.